London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 1
Mayhew, Henry
1861
Of Orange and Lemon Selling in the Streets.
OF foreign fruits, the oranges and nuts supply by far the greater staple for the street trade, and, therefore, demand a brief, but still a fuller, notice than other articles. | |
Oranges were sold in the streets at the | |
88 | close of Elizabeth's reign. So rapidly had the trade increased, that years after her death, or in , Ben Jonson classes "orange-wives," for noisiness, with "fish-wives." These women at carried the oranges in baskets on their heads; barrows were afterwards used; and now trays are usually slung to the shoulders. |
Oranges are brought to this country in cases or boxes, containing from to oranges. From official tables, it appears that between and of oranges and lemons are now yearly shipped to England. They are sold wholesale, principally at public sales, in lots of boxes, the price at such sales varying greatly, according to the supply and the quality. The supply continues to arrive from October to August. | |
Oranges are bought by the retailers in Duke'splace and in Covent-Garden; but the costermongers nearly all resort to Duke's-place, and the shopkeepers to Covent-Garden. They are sold in baskets of or ; they are also disposed of by the , a half- being the smallest quantity sold in Duke's-place. These hundreds, however, number , containing double "hands," a single hand being oranges. The price in December was , , and the . They are rarely lower than about Christmas, as there is then a better demand for them. The damaged oranges are known as "specks," and the purchaser runs the risk of specks forming a portion of the contents of a basket, as he is not allowed to empty it for the examination of the fruit: but some salesmen agree to change the specks. A month after Christmas, oranges are generally cheaper, and become dearer again about May, when there is a great demand for the supply of the fairs and races. | |
Oranges are sold by all classes connected with the fruit, flower, or vegetable trade of the streets. The majority of the street-sellers are, however, women and children, and the great part of these are Irish. It has been computed that, when oranges are "at their best" (generally about Easter), there are persons, including stallkeepers, selling oranges in the metropolis and its suburbs; while there are generally out of this number "working" oranges — that is, hawking them from street to street: of these, attend at the doors of the theatres, saloons, &c. Many of those "working" the theatres confine their trade to oranges, while the other dealers rarely do so, but unite with them the sale of nuts of some kind. Those who sell only oranges, or only nuts, are mostly children, and of the poorest class. The smallness of the sum required to provide a stock of oranges (a half- being or ), enables the poor, who cannot raise "stock-money" sufficient to purchase anything else, to trade upon a few oranges. | |
The regular costers rarely buy oranges until the spring, except, perhaps, for Sunday afternoon sale—though this, as I said before, they mostly object to. In the spring, however, they stock their barrows with oranges. man told me that, or years back, he had sold in a day oranges that he picked up as a bargain. They did not cost him half a farthing each; he said he "cleared by the spec." At the same period he could earn or on a Sunday afternoon by the sale of oranges in the street; but now he could not earn | |
A poor Irishwoman, neither squalid in appearance nor ragged in dress, though looking pinched and wretched, gave me the subjoined account; when I saw her, resting with her basket of oranges near Coldbath-fields prison, she told me she almost wished she was inside of it, but for the "childer." Her history was common to her class— | |
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On calling upon this poor woman on the following day, I found her and her children absent. The husband had got employment at some distance, and she had gone to see if she could not obtain a room a week cheaper, and lodge near the place of work. | |
According to the Board of Trade returns, there are nearly millions of oranges annually imported into this country. About - of these are sold wholesale in London, and - of the latter quantity disposed of retail in the streets. The returns I have procured, touching the London sale, prove that no less than are sold yearly by the street-sellers. The retail price of these may be | |
89 | said to be, upon an average, per , and this would give us about for the gross sum of money laid out every year, in the streets, in the matter of oranges alone. |
The street lemon-trade is now insignificant, lemons having become a more important article of commerce since the law required foreignbound ships to be provided with lemon-juice. The street-sale is chiefly in the hands of the Jews and the Irish. It does not, however, call for special notice here. | |