London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 1
Mayhew, Henry
1861
Of the Street-Sellers of Gutta-Percha Heads.
THERE are many articles which, having become cheap in the shops, find their way to the streettraders, and after a brief, or comparatively brief, and prosperous trade has been carried on in them, gradually disappear. These are usually things which are grotesque or amusing, but of no utility, and they are supplanted by some more attractive novelty—a main attraction being that it is a novelty. | |
Among such matters of street-trade are the elastic toys called "gutta-percha heads;" these, however, have no gutta-percha in their composition, but consist solely of a composition made of glue and treacle—the same as is used for printer's rollers. The heads are small coloured models of the human face, usually with projecting nose and chin, and wide or distorted mouth, which admit of being squeezed into a different form of features, their elasticity causing them to return to the original caste. The trade carried on in the streets in these toys was at time extensive, but it seems now to be gradually disappearing. On a fine day a little after noon, last week, there was not "head" exposed for sale in any of the great street markets of , the Brill, Tottenham-court-road including the Hampstead-road, and , Camden-town. | |
The trade became established in the streets upwards of years ago. At , I am told by a street-seller, himself of the , there were "head-sellers," who "worked" the parks and their vicinity. My informant day sold a gross of heads in and about Hyde-park, and a more fortunate fellow-trader on the same day sold gross. The heads were recommended, whenever opportunity offered, by a little patter. "Here," man used to say, "here's the Duke of Wellington's head for It's modelled from the statty on horseback, but is a improvement. His nose speaks for itself. Sir Robert Peel's only Anybody you please is ; a free choice and no favour. The Queen and all the Royal Family apiece." As the street-seller offered to dispose of the model of any eminent man's head and face, he held up some of the most grotesque of the number. Another man Saturday evening sold or dozen to costermongers and others in the street markets "pattering" them off as the likenesses of any policeman who might be obnoxious to the street-traders! This was when the trade was new. The number of sellers was a dozen in the week; it was soon , all confining themselves to the sale of the heads; besides these the heads were offered to the street-buying public by many of the stationary street-folk, whose stock partook of a miscellaneous character. The men carrying on this traffic were of the class of general street-sellers. | |
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The gutta-percha heads are mostly bought at the "English and German" swag-shops. A few are made by the men who sell them in the streets. The "swag" price is the gross; at time the swag man demurred to sell less than half a gross, but now when the demand is diminished, a dozen is readily supplied for The street price retail, is and always was a head. The principal purchasers in the street are boys and young men, with a few tradesmen or working people, "such as can afford a penny or ," who buy the "gutta percha" heads for their children. There used to be a tolerable trade in public houses, where persons enjoying themselves bought them "for a lark," but this trade has now dwindled to a mere nothing. of the "larks," an informant knew to be practised, was to attach the head to a piece of paper or card, write upon it some 's name, make it up into a parcel, and send it to the flattered invividual. The same man had sold heads to young women, not servantmaids he thought, but in some not very ill paid employment, and he believed, from their manner when buying, for some similar purpose of "larking." When the heads were a novelty, he sold a good many to women of the town. | |
There are now no street-folks who depend upon the sale of these gutta-percha heads, but they sell them occasionally. The usual mode is to display them on a tray, and now, generally with other things. man showed me his box, which, when the lid was raised, he carried as a tray slung round his neck, and it contained guttapercha heads, exhibition medals, and rings and other penny articles of jewellery. | |
There are at present, I am informed, persons selling gutta-percha heads in the streets, some of them confining their business solely to those articles. In this number, however, I do not include those who are both makers and sellers. Their average reeipts, I am assured, do not exceed a week eah, for, though some may take a week, othrs, and generally the stationary head-sellers, do not take The profit to the street retailer is on of his receipts. From this calculation it appars, that if the present rate of sale continue, is spent yearly in these street toys. At tim it was far more than twice the amount. | |