The Ward of Bishopsgate having partially escaped the Great Fire, is still especially rich in old houses. In most cases the gable ends have been removed, and, in many, walls have been built in front of the ground floors up to the projecting storeys; but frequently the backs of the houses present their original structure. Mr. Hugo, writing in the year , has described nearly all places of interest; but many of these have since been modified or pulled down. The houses Nos. to inclusive, in Without, were Elizabethan. On the front of of these the date, , was formerly visible. In the same antiquary found houses which, at the back, preserved their Elizabethan character. In No. , , there was a fine ceiling of the time of Charles I. The houses adjoining Sir Paul Pindar's, numbered and , possessed ceilings of a noble character, and had probably formed part of Sir Paul Pindar's. The lodge in Half-moon Street, now destroyed, had a most noble chimneypiece, probably executed by Inigo Jones, besides wainscoted walls and rich ceilings. No. , Without possessed splendid back rooms, with decorations in the style of Louis XIV., full of flowing lines. In Still Alley, in , there were several Elizabethan houses, since modernised. White Hart Court (though the old inn was gone before) boasted a row of houses, of beautiful design, in the Inigo Jones manner.

In the house No. , at the corner of , Mr. Hugo discovered, as he imagined, a portion of the Earl of Devonshire's house, or that of Lord John Powlet. It was of the Elizabethan age, and room contained a rich cornice of masks, fruit, and leaves, connected by ribands. In another there were, over the fireplace, the arms of Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, and Shakespeare's friend. At the corner of , No. , Without, there was an Elizabethan house, and at the opposite corner, No. , was a house with fine staircases, and walls and ceilings profusely decorated Louis Quatorze. Just beyond, a tablet, surmounted with the figure of a mitre inserted in the wall, a little north of , marks the site of the old. Bishops' Gate.

At , Within, there was a finely-groined undercroft, of the century. At the end of Pea Hen Court, Mr. Hugo, in his antiquarian tour of , records a doorway of James I. In Great , the same antiquary found, at No. , a good doorway and staircase of Charles I.; and at Nos. and , some Elizabethan relics. Nos. and he pronounced to be modern subdivisions of a superb house. On the front was the date, . It was of brick, ornamented with pilasters, and contained a matchless staircase and a fine chimney-piece. Nos. and , Great St. Helen's, Mr. Hugo noted as a red brick house, with pilasters of the same material The simple but artistic doorways he had little

At No. , , Mr. Hugo found a fine doorway ( Charles II.), in the style of Wren. This square was built in , on the site of part of Crosby Hall. At Crosby Hall Chambers, No. , Within, the street front had lost all ancient peculiarities, except beautiful festoons of flowers inserted between the windows of the and floors.

[extra_illustrations.2.159.2] , stands on the banks of the city Ditch, and was rebuilt in - by James Gold, an architect otherwise unknown. It contains a monument to the good and illustrious sir Paul Pindar. The inscription describes him as years resident in Turkey, faithful in negotiations foreign and domestic, eminent for piety, charity, loyalty, and prudence; an inhabitant years, and a bountiful benefactor to the parish, Sir Paul having left great bequests to London hospitals and other institutions. There is also [extra_illustrations.2.159.3] . His friends came every day for weeks to his grave, to perform their devotions, till disturbed by the mob. The churchyard of St. Botolph's is adorned with a pretty little fountain.

The registers of the church (says Cunningham) record the baptism of Edward Alleyn, the player (born ); the marriage, in , of Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyll, to Ann Cornwallis, daughter of Sir William Cornwallis; and the burials of the following persons of distinction:--, , Edward Allei, poete to the Queene; , , Stephen Gosson, rector of this church, and author of

The School of Abuse; containing a pleasant invective against Poets, Pipers, Plaiers, Jesters, and such-like Caterpillars of a Common-

Street Front of Crosby Hall.

wealth,

[extra_illustrations.2.159.4] , a church a little beyond St. Helen's, half hidden with shops, escaped the Great Fire, and still retains some Early English masonry. It was named from the daughter of King Ethelbert, and is mentioned as early as the year ; the advowson was vested in the prioress and nuns of St. Helen's, and so continued till the dissolution. of Dryden's rivals, Luke Milbourne, was minister of this church. Pope calls him

the fairest of critics,

The General , at fixed at , was next removed to , Dowgate, and then, till the Great Fire, to the Black Swan, .

of the glories of old Bishopsgate was the mansion built there by Sir Thomas Gresham, in . It consisted (says Mr. Burgon, his best biographer) of a square court, surrounded by a covered piazza, and had spacious offices adjoining. It was girdled by pleasant gardens, and extended from , on the side, to on the other. The plan of the college which afterwards occupied this house was to have professors, who should lecture once a week in succession on divinity, astronomy, music, geometry, law, medicine, and rhetoric. Their salaries, defrayed by the profits of the , were to be per annum, a sum equal to or at the present day. To the library of this college the Duke of Norfolk, in the latter part of the century, presented volumes from his family library. From the meetings of scientific men at these lectures the Royal

Aubrey mentions that that strange being, Sir Kenelm Digby, admiral, philosopher, and doctor, after the death of his beautiful wife, retired into Gresham College for or years, to avoid envy and scandal. He diverted himself with his chemistry, and the professors' learned talk. He wore, says the gossip, a long morning cloak, a highcrowned hat, and he kept his beard unshorn, and looked like a hermit, as signs of sorrow for his beloved wife, whom he was supposed to have poisoned by accident, by giving her vipers' flesh in broth, to heighten her beauty. In Johnson's time the attendance at the lectures had dwindled to nothing, and we find the terrible doctor telling Boswell, that ready listener, that if the professors had been allowed to take only sixpence a lecture from each scholar, they would have been

emulous to have had many scholars.

The new college, at the corner of , is a handsome stone edifice, designed by George Smith. It is in the enriched Roman style, and has a Corinthian entrance portico. Over the entrance are the arms of Gresham, the city of London, and the Mercers' Company, in the last of which a demivirgin, with dishevelled hair, is modestly conspicuous. The interior contains a large library and professors' rooms, and on the floor a theatre, to hold persons. The building cost upwards of . The professors' salaries have been raised, to compensate them for their rooms in the old college. In Vertue's print, in Ward's , Dr. Woodward and Dr. Mead, Gresham professors, are represented as drawing swords. This refers to an actual quarrel between the men, when Mead obtained the advantage, and commanded Woodward to beg his life.

No, doctor,

that I will not, till I am your patient.

of the largest of the Jews' synagogues in London was built by Davies, in , in Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate. It is in rich Italian style, with an open loggia of arches, resting upon Tuscan columns. The sides have Doric piers, and Corinthian columns above, behind which are the ladies' galleries, in the Oriental manner of the Jews, fronted with rich brass-work. There are no pews. The centre floor has a platform, and seats for the principal officers, with large brass-gilt candelabra. At the south end is

the ark,

Jehovah,

Know in whose presence thou standest.

[extra_illustrations.2.160.2] , at the east end of , was rebuilt about , on the site of the old hall, which had formed part of the house of the Black Nuns of St. Helen's, taken down in . The original site had been purchased by the Company soon after the surrender of the priory to Henry VIII. [extra_illustrations.2.160.3]  contained a curiouslycarved Elizabethan screen, and an enriched ceiling, with pendants. Beneath the present hall runs the crypt of the Priory of St. Helen's, which we have. already described. In the yard belonging to the hall is [extra_illustrations.2.160.4] , with a mermaid pressing [extra_illustrations.2.160.5] 

It was at the

Bull

Bull

Bull

Four Swans

,

Bull

The fruitful mother of an

hundred

more.

On the University Carrier, who sickened in the time of the Vacancy, being forbid to go to London, by reason of the Plague.

Here lies old Hobson; Death hath broke his girt,

And here, alas! hath laid him in the dirt;

Or else, the ways being foul, twenty to one,

He's here stuck in a slough, and overthrown.

'Twas such a shifter, that if truth were known,

Death was half glad when he had got him down;

For he had, any time these ten years full,

Dodg'd with him, betwixt Cambridge and the Bull;

And surely Death could never have prevail'd,

Had not his weekly course of carriage fail'd;

But lately finding him so long at home,

And thinking now his journey's end was come,

And that he had ta'en up his latest inn,

In the kind office of a chamberlain,

Show'd him his room, where he must lodge that night,

Pull'd off his boots, and took away the light;

If any ask for him, it shall be said, Hobson has supt, and's newly gone to bed.

The original portrait and parchment certificate of Mr. Van Ham, a frequenter of the house, were long preserved at the

Bull

Bull.

[extra_illustrations.2.161.3]  was originally a priory of canons, with brothers and sisters, formed in , in Bishopsgate Without, by Simon Fitz Mary, a London sheriff. Henry VIII., at the dissolution, gave it to the city of London, who turned it into an hospital for the insane. Stow speaks vaguely of an insane hospital near , removed by a king of England, who objected to mad people near his palace. The hospital was removed from Bishopsgate to , in , at a cost of

nigh

£ 17,000

.

The was in Teasel Close, now , Without. Stow describes Teasel Close as a place where teasels (the of the Anglo-Saxons, , or fullers' teasel of naturalists) were planted for the clothworkers, afterwards let to the cross-bow makers, to shoot matches at the popinjay. It was in his day closed in with a brick wall, and used as an artillery yard; and there the Tower gunners came every Thursday, to practise their exercise, firing their

brass pieces of great artillery

Teasel Close was the practice-ground of the old city Trained Band, established in , during the alarm of the expected Spanish Armada.

Certain gallant, active, and forward citizens,

voluntarily exercising themselves for the ready use of war, so as within

two

years there was almost

300

merchants, and others of like quality, very sufficient and skilful to train and teach the common soldiers.

The London Trained Bands,

and auxiliary regiments (of whose inexperience of danger, or any kind of service beyond the easy practice of their postures in the Artillery Garden, men had till then too cheap in estimation) behaved themselves to wonder, and were in truth the preservation of that army that day. For they stood as a bulwark and rampire to defend the rest; and when their wings of horse were scattered and dispersed, kept their ground so steadily, that though Prince Rupert himself led up the choice horse to

charge them, and endured their storm of small shot, he could make no impression upon their stand of pikes, but was forced to wheel about; of so sovereign benefit and use is that readiness, order, and dexterity in the use of their arms, which hath been so much neglected.

, a humble place now, was originally the site of a large house with pleasure-. gardens, bowling-greens, &c., built and laid out by Jasper Fisher, of the clerks in Chancery, a Justice of the Peace, and a freeman of the Goldsmiths' Company. The house being considered far too splendid for a mere clerk in Chancery, much in debt, was nicknamed

Fisher's Folly.

No part of the nation

But Fisher's Folly congregation.

About the close of the century, when the Penny Post was started, of the inventors, Mr. Robert Murray, clerk to the Commissioners of the Grand Excise of England, set up a Bank of Credit at , where men depositing their goods and merchandise were furnished with bills of current credit at -thirds or -fourths of the value of the said goods.

Hatton, in , calls the square

a pretty though very small square, inhabited by gentry and other merchants ;

an airy and creditable place, where the Countess of Devonshire, in my memory, dwelt in great repute for her hospitality.

, which may be called an indirect tributary of Bishopsgate, though not a dignified place, has a legend of its own. Richard of Cirencester says that here the body of Edric, the murderer of his sovereign Edmund Ironside, was contemptuously thrown by Canute, whom he had raised to the throne. When Edric, flushed with his guilty success, came to claim of Canute the promised reward of his crime--the highest situation

I like the treason, but detest the traitor. Behead this fellow, and as he claims the promise, place his head on the highest pinnacle of the Tower.

Stow speaks of the old city ditch as a filthy place, full of dead dogs, but before his time covered over and enclosed by a mud wall. On the side of the ditch over against this mud wall was a field at time belonging to the Priory of the Holy Trinity, which being given, at the dissolution, to Sir Thomas Audly, was handed over by him to Magdalen College, Cambridge, of which he was the founder.

Brokers and sellers of disconsolate cast-off apparel took kindly to this place immediately after the Reformation, settling in this field of the priory; while the old dramatists frequently allude to the Jew brokers and usurers of this district, of the

melancholy

Where got'st thou this coat, I marle?

Of a

Houndsditch

man, sir;

one

of the devil's near kinsmen, a broker.

More knavery, and usury,

And foolery, and brokery than Dogsditch.

In the reign of Henry VIII. brothers named Owens set up in this field a foundry for brass ordnance, and the rest of the place was turned into garden ground. At the end of the reign of Edward VI. pleasant houses for respectable citizens began to be erected.

This field,

as all others about the city, was enclosed, reserving open passage thereinto for such as were disposed. Towards the street were some small cottages of two storeys high, and little garden plots, backward, for poor bedrid people (for in that street dwelt none other), builded by some Prior of the Holy Trinity, to whom that ground belonged.

In my youth I remember devout people, as well men as women of this city, were accustomed oftentimes, especially on Fridays weekly, to walk that way purposely, and there to bestow their charitable alms, every poor man or woman laying in their bed within their window, which was towards the street, open so low that every man might see them; a clean linen cloth lying in their window, and a pair of beads, to show that there lay a bedrid body, unable but to pray only. This street was first paved in the year 1503.

The favourite localities of the Jew old-clothesmen were Cobb's Yard, Roper's Buildings, and .

The Jew old-clothesmen,

are generally far more cleanly in their habits than the poorer classes of English people. Their hands they always wash before their meals, and this is done whether the party be a strict Jew or Meshumet, a convert or apostate from Judaism. Neither will the Israelite ever use the same knife to cut his meat that he previously used to spread his butter, and he will not even put his meat upon a plate that has had butter on it; nor will he use for his soup the spoon that has had melted butter in it. This objection to mix butter with meat is carried so far, that, after partaking of the one, Jews will not eat of the other for two hours. The Jews are, generally, when married, most exemplary family men. There are few fonder fathers than they are, and they will starve themselves sooner than their wives or children should want. Whatever their faults may be, they are good fathers, husbands, and sons. Their principal characteristic is their extreme love of money; and, though the strict Jew does not trade himself on the Sabbath, he may not object to employ either one of his tribe, or a Gentile to do so for him.

The capital required for commencing in the old clothes line is generally about ;I. This the Jew frequently borrows, especially after holiday time, for then he has generally spent all his earnings, unless he be a provident man. When his stockmoney is exhausted, he goes either to a neighbour or to a publican in the vicinity, and borrows £ 1 on the Monday morning, to strike a light with, as he calls it, and agrees to return it on the Friday evening, with a shilling interest for the loan. This he always pays back. If he were to sell the coat off his back he would do this, I am told, because to fail in so doing would be to prevent his obtaining any stock-money in the future. With this capital he starts on his rounds about eight in the morning, and I am assured he will frequently begin his work without tasting food rather than break into the borrowed stock-money. Each man has his particular walk, and never interferes with that of his neighbour; indeed, while upon another's beat, he will seldom cry for clothes. Sometimes they gohalf rybeck together--that is, they will share the profits of the day's business; and when they agree to do this, the one will take one street, and the other another. The lower the neighbourhood the more old clothes are there for sale. At the East-end of the town they like the neighbourhoods frequented by sailors; and there they purchase of the girls and the women the sailors' jackets and trousers. But they buy most of the Petticoat Lane, the Old Clothes Exchange,. and the marinestore dealers; for, as the Jew clothes-man never travels thee streets by night-time, the parties who then have old clothes' to dispose of usually sell them to the marine-store or second-hand dealers over-night, and the Jew buys them in the morning. The first that he does on his rounds is to seek out these shops, and see what he can pick up there. A very great amount of business is done by the Jew clothes-man at the marine-store shops at the West as well as at the East-end of London.

Within, a short distance of stood , built on the site of of the receptacles for the dead during the raging of the great Plague in .

The upper end of

Hand Alley

, in

Bishopsgate Street

,

which was then a green, and was taken in particularly for Bishopsgate parish, though many of the carts out of the city brought their dead thither also, particularly out of the parish of St. Allhallowsin- the-Wall: this place I cannot mention without much regret. It was, as I remember, about

two

or

three

years after the Plague was ceased, that Sir Robert Clayton came to be possessed of the ground. It was reported, how true I know not, that it fell to the king for want of heirs, all those

who had any right to it being carried off by the pestilence, and that Sir Robert Clayton obtained a grant of it from Charles II. But however he came by it, certain it is the ground was let out to be built upon, or built upon by his order. The

first

house built upon it was a large fair house, still standing, which faces the street or way now called

Hand Alley

, which, though called an alley, is as wide as a street. The houses, in the same row with that house northward, are built on the very same ground where the poor people were buried, and the bodies, on opening the ground for the foundations, were dug up; some of them remaining so plain to be seen, that the women's skulls were distinguished by their long hair, and of others the flesh was not quite perished, so that the people began to exclaim loudly against it, and some suggested that it might endanger a return of the contagion. After which the bones and bodies, as they came at them, were carried to another part of the same ground, and thrown all together into a deep pit dug on purpose, which now is to be known in that it is not built on, but is a passage to another house at the upper end of

Rose Alley

, just against the door of a meeting-house. There lie the bones and remains of near

2,000

bodies, carried by the dead-carts to their graves in that

one

year.

A turning from , of unsavoury memory, leads to . Here formerly stood the city mansion and gardens of the abbots of Bury. The corruption of Bury's Marks to is undoubted, though not obvious. Stow describes it as

one

great house, large of rooms, fair courts, and garden plots'

Towards , close to , stood the Papey, a religious house belonging to a brotherhood of St. John and St. Charity (our readers will remember Shakespeare talks of

By Gis and by St. Charity

, as late as the reign of Charles I., was (says Cunningham) of the most fashionable streets in London. In Elizabeth's reign, Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, lived here, and, in Charles's time, Lords Weston and Dover. Here at the same time was a glass-house, where Venice glasses (then so prized) were made by Venetian workmen. Mr. James Howell, author of the which bear his name, was (says Strype) steward to this house. When Howell, unable to bear the heat of the place, gave up his stewardship, he said, if he had stayed much longer, he should in a short time have melted to nothing among these hot Venetians. The place afterwards became Pinners' Hall, and then a Dissenting chapel. The Pinners, or Pinmakers, were incorporated by Charles I. In -[extra_illustrations.2.165.1]  drew up his forces in Finsbury, dined with the Lord Mayor, had conference with him and the Court of Aldermen, retired to the

Bull's head,

In the elder Dance built the [extra_illustrations.2.166.1]  which was removed in to . This Government Office originally stood on the west side of , where was formerly the mansion of Sir J. Frederick. For a year the trustees of the Gresham estates annihilated Gresham College. Dance's building, of stone and brick, was much praised for its simple grandeur. Charles J. seems to have intended to levy excise duties as early as , but the Parliament stopped him. The Parliament, however, to maintain their forces, were compelled to found an , in , and ale, beer, cider, and perry were the articles taxed, together with wine, silks, fur, hats, and lace. There were riots in London about the new system, and the mob burnt down the Excise House in . The Excise revenue at amounted to . The act after the Restoration was to abolish excise on all articles except ale, &c., which produced an annual revenue of . The duties on glass and malt were imposed in William's reign, and the salt duty was then re-imposed. Queen Anne's expensive wars led to duties on paper and soap; and her revenue from excise amounted to. a year. In the reign of George I. the produce of the Excise averaged . Sir Robert Walpole did all he could to extend the Excise, while Pitt carried out all Walpole had attempted. In , no fewer than articles were subject to the Excise laws, and the gross revenue from them amounted to millions and a half. In , the number of officers employed in England was . In

of the most distinguished inhabitants of , many years ago, was the great surgeon, [extra_illustrations.2.166.2] .

He was then,

Aleph,

attached to

Guy's Hospital

, having a large class of pupils, and a numerous morning levee of city patients. His house was a capacious corner tenement in

Broad Street

, on the righthand side of the wide-paved court leading by St. Botolph's Church into

Bishopsgate Street

. When patients applied they were ushered into a large front room, which would comfortably receive from

forty

to

fifty

persons. It was plainly furnished; the floor covered with a Turkey carpet, a goodly muster of lumbering mahogany horse-hair seated chairs, a long table in the centre, with a sprinkling of tattered books and stale periodicals,

Asperne's Magazine,

and the

British Critic,

and a dingy, damaged pier-glass over the chimney. Sir Astley Cooper's earnings during the

first

nine

years of his practice progressed thus-

First

year,

5

guineas;

second

,

26

;

third

,

£ 64

;

fourth

,

£ 96

;

fifth

,

£ 100

;

sixth

,

£ 200

;

seventh

,

£ 400

;

eighth

,

£ 600

;

ninth

,

1,100

. But the time was coming when patients were to stand for hours in his ante-rooms waiting for an interview, and were often dismissed without being admitted to the consulting-room. His man Charles, with infinite dignity, used to say to the disappointed applicants when they reappeared next morning,

I am not at all sure that we shall be able to attend to you, for we are excessively busy, and our list is full for the day; but if you'll wait, I'll see what can be done for you.

The largest sum Sir Astley ever received in year was , but for a series of years his income was more than per annum. As long as he lived in the city his gains were enormous, though they varied, the state of the money market having a curious effect on his fees. Most of his city patients paid their fee with a cheque, and seldom wrote for less than Mr. Coles, of , for a long period paid him a year. A city man, who consulted him in , and departed without giving any fee, soon after sent a cheque for A West Indian millionaire gave Sir Astley his largest fee. He had undergone successfully a painful operation, and paid his physicians, Lettsom and Nelson, with guineas each.

But you, sir,

shall have something better. There, sir, take that!

Sir,

I'll pocket the affront,

In , on taking down the , at about feet lower than the foundation of Gresham House, was found a pavement twentyeight feet square. It is a geometrical pattern of broad blue lines, forming intersections of octagon and lozenge compartments. The octagon figures are bordered with a cable pattern, shaded with grey, and interlaced with a square border, shaded with red and yellow. In the centres, within a ring, are expanded flowers, shaded in red, yellow, and grey; the double row of leaves radiating from a figure called a truelove-knot, alternately with a figure something like the tiger-lily. Between the octagon figures are square compartments bearing various devices; in the centre of the pavement is Ariadne, or a Bacchante, reclining on the back of a panther; but only the fore-paws, of the hind-paws, and the tail remain. Over the head of the figure floats a light drapery forming an arch. Another square contains a -handled vase. In the demi-octagons, at the sides of the pattern, are lunettes; contains a fan ornament, another a bowl crowned with flowers. The lozenge intersections are variously embellished with leaves, shells, truelove-knots, chequers, and an ornament shaped like a dice-box. At the corners of the pattern are truelove-knots. Surrounding this pattern, in a broad cable-like border, are broad bands of blue and white alternately.

[extra_illustrations.2.166.3] , , stands near the site of old Paulet House. Stow thinks this may once have been a poor parish, and so gives its name to the saint,

though at this present time there be many fair houses possessed by rich merchants and others.

leads us into the interesting region of , a district rich in antiquities. Here once stood a priory of begging friars, founded, in , by Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, and dedicated to St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, in Africa. The church was ornamented

with a fine spired steeple, small, high, and straight,

for avoiding of all sects of Ana-Baptists, and such like.

Here,

lies the pious founder of the priory, Humphrey de Bohun, who stood godfather at the font for Edward I., and who afterwards fought against Henry III., with the leagued barons, at the battle of Evesham. Here were interred the remains of the great, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, the most powerful subject in Europe during the reigns of King John and Henry III., and no less celebrated for his chequered and romantic fortunes. Here rests Edmund, son of Joan Plantagenet,

the Fair Maid of Kent,

and half-brother to Richard II. Here lies the headless trunk of the gallant Fitzallan,

tenth

Earl of Arundel, who was executed in

Cheapside

in

1397

. Here also rest the mangled remains of the barons who fell at the battle of Barnet, in

1471

, and who were interred together in the body of the church; of John de Vere,

twelfth

Earl of Oxford, who was beheaded on

Tower Hill

with his eldest son, Aubrey, in

1461

; and, lastly, of the gallant and princely Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham-

poor Edward Bohun

--who, having fallen a victim to the vindictive jealousy of Cardinal Wolsey, was beheaded on

Tower Hill

in

1521

.

The Rev. Mr. Hugo says that the old conventual [extra_illustrations.2.167.1]  had all the magnificence of a cathedral; it consisted of [extra_illustrations.2.167.2] , feet in length, broad, with ample transepts and choir. There are visible monumental slabs; with or more small figures, and with or more shields and small inscriptions at the foot. These slabs have been used as paving stones; some years ago many more were visible, but they are now concealed by the flooring.

In () Richard Gough the antiquary was born, and here, at No. , lived James Smith, of the authors of the A James Smith coming to the place, after he had been many years a resident here, produced so much confusion to both, that the last comer waited on the author and suggested, to prevent future inconvenience, that or other had better leave, hinting, at the same time, that he should like to stay.

No,

I am James the

First

, you are James the

Second

; you must abdicate.

Lord Winchester died in , and his son, having sold the monuments at for , took the lead off the roof, and made stabling of the church ground. In a marquis was so poor as to be compelled to part with to John Swinnerton, a London merchant, afterwards Lord Mayor. Fulke Greville (Sir Philip Sidney's friend), who lived in , wrote in alarm at this change to the Countess of Shrewsbury, of his neighbours. Lady Warwick seems to have been another tenant of the Friary.

In , adjoining , stood [extra_illustrations.2.167.3]  built by the Marquis of Winchester, who also founded Basing House. This nobleman died in , in his year, having lived under sovereigns, and having persons immediately descended from him. When this marquis was asked how he had retained royal favour and power under so many conflicting sovereigns, he replied,

By being a willow, and not an oak.

Aimez Loyaulte,

Your man shall not stand.

In , the Earl of Strafford (a victim of the sham Popish plot), when representing York, took up his residence in , with his young children and the fair wife whom he lost in the following year, and whom he alluded to in his trial as

a saint in heaven.

Nearly at the end of Little is [extra_illustrations.2.168.1] . It escaped the Great Fire, but, becoming ruinous, was taken down in , and the present church built by the younger Dance. In the chancel is a tablet to the Rev. W. Beloe, the well-known translator of Herodotus, who died in , after having held the rectory of the parish for years. The altar-piece, a copy of Pietro di Cortona's was the gift of Sir N. Dance. The parish books, commencing .

, an adjoining street, is interesting, as indicating the site of that portion of the old city wall that divided the city Liberty from the Manor of Finsbury. The old Bethlehem Hospital, taken down in , was built against the portion of the wall then removed Hughson says the Roman work was found uncommonly thick, the bricks being double the size of those now used, and the centre filled in with large loose stones. The level of the street has been raised feet within the last years. The old Roman wall, it will be remembered, ran from the Tower through the to

In this street stands [extra_illustrations.2.168.4] , built on the site of the Priory of Elsing Spital. Elsing was a London mercer, who, about , founded an hospital for blind men on the site of a decayed nunnery. The house was subsequently turned into a priory, consisting of canons regular, to minister to the blind, Elsing himself being the prior.

The ground so long consecrated to charity was purchased, in pursuance of the will of Dr. Thomas

Defoe, in his , speaks of Sion College as designed for the use of the clergy in and round London, where expectants could lodge till they were provided with houses in their own parishes. There was also a hospital for poor men and poor women.

[extra_illustrations.2.159.1] Gateway in Crosby Square

[extra_illustrations.2.159.2] The church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate

[extra_illustrations.2.159.3] a tomb, date 1626, of a Persian ambassador

[extra_illustrations.2.159.4] St. Ethelburga

[extra_illustrations.2.160.1] Gresham College

[extra_illustrations.2.160.2] Leathersellers' Hall

[extra_illustrations.2.160.3] The old hall

[extra_illustrations.2.160.4] a curious pump

[extra_illustrations.2.160.5] Old Kitchen, Leathersellers' Hall

[extra_illustrations.2.161.2] Hobson the old Cambridge carrier

[extra_illustrations.2.161.3] The first Bethlehem Hospital

[extra_illustrations.2.162.1] London Trained Bands

[extra_illustrations.2.165.1] Monk

[extra_illustrations.2.166.1] Excise Office in 1768

[extra_illustrations.2.166.2] Sir Astley Cooper

[extra_illustrations.2.166.3] The church of St. Peter le Poor

[extra_illustrations.2.167.1] church of Austin Friars

[extra_illustrations.2.167.2] the present nave

[extra_illustrations.2.167.3] Winchester House

[extra_illustrations.2.168.1] the Church of Allhallows-in-the-Wall

[extra_illustrations.2.168.2] Abion Chapel, London Wall

[extra_illustrations.2.168.3] New Building, Sion College

[extra_illustrations.2.168.4] Sion College