London Labour and the London Poor, extra volume

Mayhew, Henry

1851

Appendix: Maps and Tables Illustrating the Criminal Statistics of Each of the Counties of England and Wales in
1851
.
PAGE
MAP SHOWING THE DENSITY OF THE POPULATION .. .. .. .. ..
451
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
452
MAP SHOWING THE INTENSITY OF CRIMINALITY .. .. .. .. ..
455
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
456
MAP SHOWING THE INTENSITY OF IGNORANCE .. .. .. .. ..
459
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
460
Table of Ignorance among Criminals .. .. .. .. .. ..
462
Table of Relative Degrees of Criminality .. .. .. .. ..
464
Comparative Educational Tables .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
465
MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN .. .. ..
467
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
468
MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF EARLY MARRIAGES .. .. .. ..
471
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
472
MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF FEMALES .. .. .. .. ..
475
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
476
MAP SHOWING COMMITTALS FOR RAPE .. .. .. .. ..
477
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
479
MAP SHOWING COMMITTALS FOR CARNALLY ABUSING GIRLS .. .. ..
481
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
482
MAP SHOWING COMMITTALS FOR DISORDERLY HOUSES .. .. .. ..
485
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
486
MAP SHOWING CONCEALMENT OF BIRTHS .. .. .. .. ..
489
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
490
MAP SHOWING ATTEMPTS AT MISCARRIAGE .. .. .. .. ..
493
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
494
MAP SHOWING ASSAULTS WITH INTENT .. .. .. .. ..
497
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
498
MAP SHOWING COMMITTALS FOR BIGAMY .. .. .. .. ..
499
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
500
MAP SHOWING COMMITTALS FOR ABDUCTION .. .. .. .. ..
501
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
502
MAP SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF FEMALES .. .. .. .. ..
503
Table of ditto .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
504


MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TO EVERY
100
ACRES; OR THE DENSITY OF THE POPULATION IN EACH OF THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES IN
1851
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the Population is
above
the average density. The counties left
white
are those in which the Population is
below
the aveage density. The average has been calculated from the last returns of the Registrar-General.
table SHOWING THE DENSITY OF THE POPULATION IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN
1851
.
COUNTIES.
Dimensions.
Houses.
Population,
1851
.
Density.
Square Miles.
Statute Acres.
Number of Inhabited Houses.
Number of Uninhabited Houses.
Number of Houses Building.
Total Number of Houses,
1851
.
Total Number of Houses,
1841
.
Increase of Houses per cent.,
1841
-
51
.
Males.
Females.
Total Population,
1851
.
Total Population,
1841
.
Increasè of Population per cent.,
1841
-
51
.
No. of Persons to each
100
acres.
No. of acres to each Person.
No. of acres to each House.
No. of Persons to each Inhabited House.
Bedford . .
465
297,632
25,694
676
126
26,496
22,877
15
.
8
62,420
67,369
129,789
112,378
16
43
.
5
2
.
3
11
.
2
5
.
1
Berks . .
741
473,920
39,462
1,563
211
41,236
39,660
4
.
0
99,227
99,927
199,154
189,227
5
41
.
7
2
.
4
11
.
5
5
.
0
Bucks . .
725
463,880
29,217
1,103
89
30,409
28,860
5
.
4
70,784
72,886
143,670
138,248
4
31
.
3
3
.
2
15
.
2
4
.
9
Cambridge .
838
536,313
38,773
1,777
204
40,754
35,799
13
.
8
95,505
96,351
191,856
169,638
13
35
.
8
2
.
8
13
.
1
4
.
9
Chester . .
1014
649,050
79,849
4,248
756
84,853
75,103
13
.
0
206,715
216,723
423,438
368,115
15
65
.
2
1
.
5
7
.
6
5
.
3
Cornwall . .
1336
854,770
68,214
4,528
353
73,095
71,913
1
.
6
171,979
184,683
356,662
343,265
4
41
.
7
2
.
4
11
.
6
5
.
2
Cumberland .
1515
969,490
36,771
1,531
238
38,540
37,160
3
.
7
96,106
99,381
195,487
177,807
10
20
.
0
5
.
0
25
.
1
5
.
3
Derby . .
1036
663,180
52,482
2,411
423
55,316
49,477
1
.
2
129,379
131,328
260,707
239,791
9
40
.
0
2
.
5
11
.
9
5
.
0
Devon . .
2557
1,636,450
99,104
6,016
765
105,885
102,424
3
.
4
271,579
300,628
572,207
534,883
6
34
.
5
2
.
9
15
.
4
5
.
7
Dorset . .
980
627,220
34,771
1,554
218
36,543
35,400
3
.
2
85,816
91,781
177,597
167,689
6
28
.
6
3
.
5
17
.
1
5
.
1
Durham . .
1062
679,530
68,989
3,030
595
72,614
61,940
17
.
2
206,666
204,866
411,532
325,854
26
62
.
5
1
.
6
9
.
3
5
.
9
Essex . .
1530
979,000
68,383
3,353
364
72,100
65,570
10
.
0
172,161
171,755
343,916
320,605
7
34
.
5
2
.
9
13
.
5
5
.
0
Gloucester .
1235
790,470
78,385
4,961
393
83,739
79,953
4
.
7
198,122
221,353
419,475
395,533
6
53
.
0
1
.
9
9
.
4
5
.
3
Hereford . .
850
543,800
20,453
983
69
21,505
21,119
1
.
8
49,694
49,418
99,112
96,515
3
18
.
2
5
.
5
25
.
3
4
.
8
Hertford . .
626
400,350
33,954
1,189
214
35,357
32,687
8
.
2
86,331
87,632
173,963
162,394
7
43
.
5
2
.
3
11
.
3
5
.
1
Hunts . .
379
242,250
12,472
641
62
13,175
11,676
12
.
8
29,984
30,336
60,320
55,565
9
25
.
0
4
.
0
18
.
3
4
.
8
Kent . . .
1519
972,240
108,386
5,516
1290
115,192
101,717
13
.
3
308,115
311,092
619,207
540,275
14
63
.
6
1
.
6
8
.
4
5
.
7
Lancaster . .
1746
1,117,260
356,436
17,453
3470
377,359
322,148
17
.
1
1,005,627
1,058,286
2,063,913
1,696,377
22
200
.
0
.
5
2
.
9
5
.
8
Leicester . .
799
511,340
49,968
1,599
198
51,765
49,470
4
.
6
115,295
119,643
234,938
220,263
7
45
.
4
2
.
2
9
.
9
4
.
7
Lincoln . .
2600
1,663,850
79,667
3,394
579
83,640
74,133
12
.
8
201,027
199,239
400,266
356,226
12
23
.
8
4
.
2
19
.
9
5
.
0
Middlesex . .
280
179,590
242,798
12,213
3276
258,287
222,443
16
.
1
885,614
1,010,096
1,895,710
1,582,538
20
1059
.
0
.
09
.
7
7
.
9
Monmouth .
507
324,310
32,901
1,473
183
34,557
30,099
4
.
8
92,095
85,070
177,165
150,544
17
55
.
5
1
.
8
9
.
3
5
.
4
Norfolk . .
2019
1,292,300
91,143
3,312
449
94,904
88,378
7
.
4
210,360
223,443
433,803
404,971
7
33
.
3
3
.
0
13
.
6
4
.
8
Northampton .
1011
646,810
43,945
1,478
238
45,661
42,358
7
.
8
106,533
107,251
213,784
198,518
7
33
.
3
3
.
0
14
.
1
4
.
9
Northumberland
1821
1,165,430
47,509
2,060
384
49,953
55,337
10
.
8
In
1841
Flats
were returned in Northumberland as separate Houses: this accounts for the decrease in
1851
.
149,158
154,377
303,535
265,636
13
25
.
6
3
.
9
23
.
3
6
.
3
Nottingham .
822
525,800
59,427
1,481
267
61,175
57,611
6
.
2
144,428
150,010
294,438
270,535
9
55
.
5
1
.
8
8
.
6
5
.
0
Oxford . .
730
467,230
34,922
1,323
105
36,350
34,151
6
.
4
85,449
84,837
170,286
163,216
4
37
.
0
2
.
7
12
.
8
4
.
9
Rutland . .
152
97,500
4,961
153
18
5,132
4,899
4
.
8
12,270
12,002
24,272
23,151
5
25
.
0
4
.
0
19
.
0
4
.
9
Salop . .
1351
864,360
48,842
2,184
112
51,138
50,131
2
.
0
122,022
122,997
245,019
241,685
1
28
.
6
3
.
5
16
.
9
5
.
0
Somerset . .
1606
1,028,090
87,776
5,090
396
93,252
90,947
2
.
6
216,716
239,521
456,237
448,793
2
43
.
5
2
.
3
11
.
0
5
.
2
Southampton .
1591
1,018,550
74,588
3,471
617
78,676
69,807
12
.
7
199,834
202,199
402,033
348,298
13
38
.
4
2
.
6
12
.
9
5
.
3
Stafford . .
1150
736,290
120,501
4,526
962
125,989
107,941
16
.
7
320,394
310,112
630,506
528,867
20
83
.
3
1
.
2
5
.
8
5
.
2
Suffolk . .
1436
918,760
69,479
3,098
424
73,001
67,050
8
.
9
165,267
170,724
335,991
314,467
7
37
.
0
2
.
7
12
.
5
4
.
8
Surrey . .
741
474,480
109,453
5,717
1663
116,838
101,121
15
.
6
325,155
359,650
684,805
586,816
17
144
.
0
.
7
4
.
0
6
.
3
Sussex . .
1419
907,920
59,398
2,220
609
62,137
58,506
6
.
2
166,828
172,600
339,428
302,081
12
37
.
0
2
.
7
14
.
6
5
.
7
Warwick . .
887
567,930
98,323
4,609
977
103,909
90,868
14
.
4
235,263
244,716
479,979
408,814
18
83
.
3
1
.
2
.
54
4
.
9
Westmorland
759
485,990
11,247
530
94
11,871
11,783
0
.
8
29,064
29,316
58,380
56,609
3
12
.
0
8
.
3
40
.
9
5
.
2
Wilts . .
1356
8,060
49,061
2,223
171
51,455
49,918
3
.
1
118,839
122,164
241,003
242,772
0
.
7
27
.
7
3
.
6
16
.
8
4
.
9
Worcester . .
718
9,710
52,055
2,753
362
55,170
49,371
11
.
8
126,739
132,023
258,762
230,387
13
55
.
3
1
.
8
8
.
5
5
.
0
York . .
5733
3,669,510
353,694
16,469
3244
378,417
341,147
10
.
9
886,845
901,922
1,788,767
1,582,977
13
48
.
7
2
.
5
9
.
7
4
.
9
Travelling .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5,016
..
..
..
..
..
North Wales .
3194
2,044,160
83,091
3,720
522
87,333
85,847
8
.
5
200,538
203,622
404,160
388,106
4
19
.
5
.
1
23
.
2
4
.
9
South Wales .
4231
2,707,840
119,507
5,269
844
125,620
115,822
1
.
7
300,645
306,851
607,496
528,849
14
22
.
2
4
.
5
21
.
5
5
.
1
TOTAL FOR ENGLAND AND WALES . .
57,067
36,522,615
3,280,961
152,898
26,534
3,460,393
3,144,626
10
.
0
8,762,588
9,160,180
17,922,768
15,884,294
13
49
.
7
2
.
0
10
.
5
5
.
5
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THE DENSITY OF THEIR POPULATION, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TO EVERY
100
ACRES.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Middlesex ..............
1059
.
0
Leicester ..................
45
.
4
Lancaster ..............
200
.
0
Bedford ..................
43
.
5
Surrey ..................
144
.
0
Hertford ..................
43
.
5
Stafford ................
83
.
3
Somerset..................
43
.
5
York, West Riding ....
83
.
3
Berks ....................
41
.
7
Chester ................
65
.
2
Cornwall..................
41
.
7
Kent....................
63
.
6
Derby ....................
40
.
0
Durham ................
62
.
5
Southampton ............
38
.
4
Worcester ..............
55
.
5
Oxford....................
37
.
0
Warwick ................
83
.
3
Suffolk ..................
37
.
0
Nottingham ............
55
.
5
Sussex ....................
37
.
0
Monmouth..............
55
.
5
Cambridge ................
35
.
8
Gloucester ..............
53
.
0
Devon ....................
34
.
5
Average for England and Wales ..............
49
.
7
Essex ....................
34
.
5
Norfolk ..................
33
.
3
Northampton .............
33
.
3
York, East Riding .........
33
.
3
Bucks ....................
31
.
3
Dorset ....................
28
.
6
Shropshire ................
28
.
6
Wilts ....................
27
.
7
Northumberland ..........
25
.
6
Huntingdon ..............
25
.
0
Rutland ..................
25
.
0
Lincoln ..................
23
.
8
South Wales ..............
22
.
2
Cumberland ..............
20
.
0
North Wales ..............
19
.
6
Hereford ..................
18
.
2
York, North Riding ......
15
.
2
Westmorland ............
12
.
0
COMPARISON OF THE DENSITY OF THE POPULATION IN
1841
AND
1851
.
1841
.
1851
.
Agricultural Counties.
Lincoln ..................................
21
.
7
23
.
8
Rutland ................................
22
.
7
25
.
0
Huntingdon ............................
25
.
0
25
.
0
Cambridge ..............................
30
.
3
35
.
8
Essex...................................
35
.
7
34
.
5
Sussex .................................
32
.
2
37
.
0
Hereford ..............................
20
.
8
18
.
2
Agricultural and Sub-Manufacturing Counties.
Westmorland ............................
11
.
6
12
.
0
Norfolk ................................
32
.
2
33
.
3
Suffolk ..................................
33
.
3
37
.
0
Hertford ................................
40
.
0
43
.
5
Bedford ................................
37
.
0
43
.
5
Buckingham ............................
33
.
3
31
.
3
Northampton ............................
31
.
2
33
.
3
Oxford ..................................
34
.
4
37
.
0
Berks....................................
34
.
4
41
.
7
Hants....................................
47
.
6
38
.
4
Wilts....................................
30
.
3
27
.
7
Dorset ..................................
27
.
7
28
.
6
Somerset ................................
41
.
6
43
.
5
Devon ..................................
32
.
2
34
.
5
Sub-Agricultural and Sub-Manufacturing County.
Gloucester ..............................
55
.
5
26
.
1
Manufacturing Counties.
Lancaster ..............................
166
.
6
200
.
0
Yorkshire ..............................
42
.
6
48
.
7
Chester ..................................
58
.
8
65
.
2
Nottingham ............................
47
.
6
55
.
5
Leicester ................................
43
.
0
45
.
4
Warwick ................................
71
.
4
83
.
3
Worcester................................
52
.
6
55
.
5
Mining Counties.
Durham ..............................
47
.
6
62
.
5
Cornwall ..............................
41
.
6
41
.
7
Manufacturing and Sub-Mining Counti
Derby ................................
41
.
6
40
.
0
Stafford ..............................
71
.
4
83
.
3
Agricultural and Sub-Mining Counties.
Shropshire .............................
28
.
5
28
.
6
North Wales ..........................
19
.
3
19
.
6
South Wales ..........................
19
.
0
22
.
2
Sub-Agricultural and Sub-Mining Counties.
Northumberland ......................
21
.
2
25
.
6
Cumberland ..........................
18
.
5
20
.
0
Monmouth ............................
43
.
0
55
.
5
Metropolitan County.
Middlesex ............................
1000
.
0
1059
.
0
Sub-Metropolitan Counties.
Surrey ................................
125
.
0
141
.
0
Kent ..................................
55
.
5
63
.
6
NOTE.—An
Agricultural
county has
more than
10
per cent., and a
Sub-Agricultural
county
less than
10
per cent. of its population employed in agriculture.
A
Manufacturing
county has
more
than
15
per cent., and a
Sub-Manufacturing
county
less than
15
per cent. of its population employed in manufacture.
A
Mining
county has
more than
5
per cent., and a
Sub-Mining
county
less than
5
per cent. of its population employed in mining.


MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENDERS TO EVERY
10,000
OF THE POPULATION; OR THE INTENSITY OF THE CRIMINALITY IN EACH COUNTY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number of Criminals is
above
the average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of Criminals is
below
the average. The average has been calculated from the returns for the last
ten
years.
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.
COUNTIES.
Average Population from
1841
-
50
.
Total number of Persons committed for Trial or Bailed.
Total for
10
years.
Average per Year
Proportion to the Population
Number of Criminals to every
10,000
of Population.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
1849
.
1850
.
Bedford . . .
121,083
191
229
202
188
155
185
178
204
162
161
1,855
185
1
in
654
15
.
2
Berks . . .
194,763
306
333
328
287
260
250
335
360
358
318
3,135
313
"
622
16
.
0
Bucks . . .
140,959
287
277
313
280
286
283
315
310
287
242
2,880
288
"
489
20
.
4
Cambridge . .
180,747
240
241
257
297
239
276
255
244
309
302
2,660
266
"
679
14
.
7
Chester . . .
395,919
943
1086
1018
777
688
767
871
1070
861
900
8,981
898
"
440
22
.
6
Cornwall . . .
349,991
295
282
301
269
272
280
341
272
277
226
2,815
281
"
1245
8
.
0
Cumberland . .
186,762
151
115
109
138
118
147
120
130
159
146
1,333
133
"
1404
7
.
1
Derby . . .
250,249
277
322
322
279
186
277
214
264
245
255
2,641
264
"
947
10
.
5
Devon . . .
554,738
687
716
740
715
720
721
949
924
893
807
7,872
787
"
704
14
.
1
Dorset . . .
172,736
284
241
252
203
218
225
307
287
326
190
2,533
253
"
682
14
.
6
Durham . . .
368,787
215
266
300
376
203
249
279
334
321
358
2,901
290
"
1271
7
.
8
Essex . . .
332,363
647
758
710
596
554
602
603
689
587
631
6,377
638
"
520
19
.
1
Gloucester . .
407,504
1236
1252
1186
1071
929
884
1092
1042
1063
920
10,675
1067
"
381
26
.
1
Hereford . . .
97,813
245
259
238
230
226
158
212
270
242
252
2,332
233
"
419
23
.
8
Hertford . . .
168,178
319
338
265
271
244
243
291
348
318
315
2,952
295
"
570
17
.
5
Hunts . . .
57,942
62
68
68
79
88
81
89
104
93
90
822
82
"
706
14
.
1
Kent . . .
585,249
962
1155
977
911
831
815
889
1020
980
958
9,598
960
"
609
16
.
4
Lancaster . . .
1,881,261
3987
4497
3677
2893
2852
3072
3456
3778
3290
3340
34,842
3484
"
539
18
.
5
Leicester . . .
227,621
466
492
509
481
328
358
335
346
299
300
3,914
391
"
582
17
.
1
Lincoln . . .
378,246
349
507
563
542
389
419
506
504
529
528
4,836
484
"
781
12
.
8
Middlesex . .
1,740,814
3586
4094
4260
4027
4440
4641
5175
4856
3861
3732
42,672
4267
"
407
24
.
5
Monmouth . .
164,093
364
264
261
278
196
217
282
298
370
433
2,963
296
"
554
18
.
0
Norfolk . . .
419,463
666
808
782
788
642
720
751
689
633
705
7,184
718
"
584
17
.
1
Northampton . .
206,496
342
346
270
294
302
270
243
307
327
248
2,949
295
"
699
14
.
2
Northumberland .
284,777
226
245
290
294
189
169
189
201
261
283
2,347
235
"
1211
8
.
2
Nottingham . .
282,584
329
374
353
348
267
286
343
364
341
325
3,330
333
"
848
11
.
8
Oxford . . .
166,751
323
334
328
296
309
228
299
296
303
252
2,968
297
"
591
17
.
8
Rutland . . .
23,711
14
48
39
23
28
26
41
52
35
27
333
33
"
718
13
.
9
Salop . . .
243,352
416
470
534
449
308
227
267
305
347
307
3,630
363
"
670
14
.
9
Somerset . . .
452,515
991
1148
967
1039
873
701
774
888
885
754
9,020
902
"
501
19
.
9
Southampton . .
377,040
677
702
676
517
619
608
737
728
751
686
6,701
670
"
562
17
.
7
Stafford . . .
579,686
1059
1485
1175
885
717
851
1028
1120
1009
1053
10
;
382
1038
"
558
17
.
9
Suffolk . . .
325,336
482
527
585
630
407
471
505
495
537
472
5,111
511
"
636
15
.
7
Surrey . . .
635,917
923
1017
867
941
942
958
1315
1296
1109
1030
10,398
1040
"
611
16
.
3
Sussex . . .
320,944
539
550
493
409
409
468
522
546
502
480
4918
492
"
652
15
.
3
Warwick . . .
444,558
1046
1003
1045
894
769
799
998
1257
910
880
9601
960
"
463
21
.
6
Westmoreland . .
57,494
33
39
44
24
46
74
33
47
57
70
467
47
"
1223
8
.
1
Wilts . . .
241,887
506
548
464
432
379
436
502
465
452
386
4570
457
"
529
18
.
9
Worcester. . .
244,574
566
609
679
603
563
535
620
681
653
607
6116
612
"
399
25
.
0
York . . .
1,686,461
1895
2598
2304
1691
1417
1560
1794
2036
2022
1915
19,232
1923
"
876
11
.
4
North Wales . .
396,161
251
279
294
283
269
220
307
332
338
316
2889
289
"
1370
7
.
2
South Wales . .
568,430
377
387
546
514
426
350
471
590
514
613
4788
479
"
1186
8
.
4
TOTAL FOR ENGLAND AND WALES . .
16,918,458
27,760
31,309
29,591
26,542
24,303
25,107
28,833
30,349
27,816
26,813
278,423
27,842
"
607
16
.
4
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF CRIMINALS TO EVERY
10,000
OF THE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average in Crime.
Counties below the Average in Crime.
Gloucester ............
26
.
1
Kent ................
16
.
4
Worcester ............
25
.
0
Surrey ................
16
.
3
Middlesex ............
24
.
5
Berks ................
16
.
0
Hereford ..............
23
.
8
Suffolk ................
15
.
7
Chester ................
22
.
6
Sussex ................
15
.
3
Warwick ..............
21
.
6
Bedford ..............
15
.
2
Bucks ................
20
.
4
Salop ................
14
.
9
Somerset ............
19
.
9
Cambridge ..............
14
.
7
Essex ................
19
.
1
Dorset ................
14
.
6
Wilts ................
18
.
9
Northampton ........
14
.
2
Laucaster ............
18
.
5
Devon ................
14
.
1
Monmouth ..........
18
.
0
Rutfand ..............
13
.
9
Stafford ..............
17
.
9
Lincoln ..............
12
.
8
Oxford ..............
17
.
8
Nottingham ..........
11
.
8
Southampton ..........
17
.
7
York..................
11
.
4
Hertford ..............
17
.
5
Derby ................
10
.
5
Leicester ..............
17
.
1
South Wales ..........
8
.
4
Norfolk ..............
17
.
1
Northumberland ......
8
.
2
Average for all England and Wales ..........
16
.
4
Westmorland .........
8
.
1
Cornwall ..............
8
.
0
Durham ..............
7
.
8
North Wales ..........
7
.
2
Cumberland ..........
7
.
1
THE YEARS OF CRIME.
Years.
Number of Criminal Offenders.
Population.
Number of Criminals to every
10,000
people.
Years.
Number of Criminal Offenders.
Population.
Number of Criminals to every
10,000
people.
1811
5,337
10,150,615
5
.
2
1831
19,647
13,897,187
14
.
1
1812
6,576
10,332,441
6
.
3
1832
20,829
14,098,142
14
.
7
1813
7,164
10,515,267
6
.
8
1833
20,072
14,299,097
14
.
0
1814
6,390
10,689,093
5
.
9
1834
22,451
14,500,052
15
.
4
1815
7,818
10,881,919
7
.
3
1835
20,731
14,701,007
14
.
1
1816
9,091
11,064,745
8
.
2
1836
20,984
14,901,962
14
.
1
1817
13,932
11,247,571
11
.
5
1837
23,612
15,102,917
15
.
6
1818
13,567
11,430,397
11
.
8
1838
23,094
15,303,872
15
.
1
1819
14,254
11,613,223
12
.
2
1839
24,443
15,504,827
15
.
7
1820
13,710
11,796,049
11
.
6
1840
27,187
15,705,782
17
.
3
Total for
10
years
97,839
109,630,320
Total in
10
years
223,050
148,114,825
Average
ditto.
9,783
10,963,032
8
.
9
Average
ditto
22,305
14,811,482
15
.
0
1821
13,115
11,978,875
10
.
9
1841
27,750
15,914,148
17
.
4
1822
12,241
12,170,706
10
.
0
1842
31,309
16,115,010
19
.
4
1823
12,263
12,362,537
9
.
9
1843
29,591
16,315,872
18
.
1
1824
13,698
12,554,368
10
.
9
1844
26,542
16,516,734
16
.
0
1825
14,437
12,746,199
11
.
3
1845
24,303
16,717,596
14
.
5
1826
16,164
12,938,030
12
.
5
1846
25,107
16,918,458
14
.
9
1827
17,924
13,129,861
13
.
6
1847
28,833
17,119,320
16
.
8
1828
16,564
13,321,692
12
.
4
1848
30,349
17,320,182
17
.
5
1829
18,675
13,531,523
13
.
8
1849
27,816
17,521,044
15
.
9
1830
18,107
13,705,354
13
.
2
1850
26,813
17,721,906
15
.
1
Total for
10
years
153,188
128,421,145
Total for
10
years
278,413
168,180,270
Average
ditto
15,318
12,842,114
11
.
9
Average
ditto
27,841
16,818,027
16
.
5


MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN EVERY
100
PERSONS MARRIED; OR THE INTENSITY OF IGNORANCE IN EACH COUNTY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number who signed the Marriage Register with Marks is
abose
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number who signed the Marriage Register with Marks is
below
the Average. The Average has been calculated for the
ten
years from
1839
to
1848
.
table SHOWING THE IGNORANCE OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND AND WALES, DEDUCED FROM THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.
COUNTIES.
Average Annual No. of Persons married,
1839
-
48
.
Number of Males and Females who signed the Marriage Register with Marks.
Total for.
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every
100
married.
Per Cent. above and below the Average.
1839
.
1840
.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
Bedford . .
1,850
1,112
1,148
956
921
1,028
1,110
1,095
1,124
957
1,003
10,454
1,045
56
†
40
.
0
Berks . .
2,588
1,036
1,131
1,061
1,063
1,111
1,079
1,070
1,137
1,118
1,164
10,970
1,097
42
†
5
.
0
Bucks . .
1,920
979
1,008
820
918
882
918
975
1,074
906
999
9,479
948
49
†
22
.
5
Cambridge .
2,784
1,269
1,372
1,495
1,389
1,281
1,330
1,471
1,398
1,213
1,328
13,546
1,355
45
†
12
.
5
Chester . .
5,160
2,343
2,510
2,350
2,096
2,366
2,403
2,777
2,608
2,121
2,503
24,017
2,408
46
†
15
.
0
Cornwall . .
4,894
2,150
2,148
2,128
2,312
2,284
2,141
2,338
2,407
2,102
2,146
22,156
2,216
45
†
12
.
5
Cumberland .
2,072
470
563
527
539
506
500
581
647
520
350
5,203
520
25
*
37
.
5
Derby . .
3,652
1,521
1,490
1,321
1,061
1,351
1,455
1,642
1,544
1,382
1,377
14,144
1,414
39
*
2
.
5
Devon . .
8,678
2,603
1,817
2,744
2,971
2,995
3,055
3,312
3,224
2,782
1,981
27,484
2,748
32
*
20
.
0
Dorset . .
2,358
725
930
785
852
449
945
1,033
905
941
923
8,488
849
36
*
10
.
0
Durham . .
5,770
1,900
2,083
2,001
1,830
1,771
1,825
2,375
2,378
2,376
2,327
20,866
2,087
36
*
10
.
0
Essex . .
4,228
1,964
2,215
2,103
2,062
2,110
2,157
2,246
2,163
1,977
1,963
20,960
2,096
50
†
25
.
0
Gloucester .
6,918
2,329
2,541
2,347
2,197
2,393
2,277
2,578
2,698
2,215
2,304
23,879
2,388
35
*
12
.
5
Hereford . .
1,268
462
463
522
548
609
516
598
576
424
488
5,206
521
41
†
2
.
5
Hertford . .
1,976
1,189
1,045
1,057
954
1,083
1,038
1,153
1,102
947
1,013
10,581
1,058
54
†
35
.
0
Hunts . .
904
391
465
453
446
439
413
434
466
438
440
4,385
439
49
†
22
.
5
Kent . .
8,094
2,431
2,382
2,476
2,488
2,556
2,502
2,944
2,855
2,569
2,481
25,684
2,568
32
*
20
.
0
Lancaster. .
34,068
16,411
15,793
16,096
14,626
17,820
19,850
22,177
20,709
16,588
18,161
178,231
17,823
52
†
30
.
0
Leicester . .
3,460
1,494
1,504
1,281
1,189
1,416
1,505
1,518
1,579
1,329
1,441
14,256
1,426
41
†
2
.
5
Lincoln . .
5,530
1,944
2,209
2,174
2,082
1,959
1,998
2,232
2,166
2,159
2,436
21,359
2,136
39
*
2
.
5
Middlesex .
31,590
5,134
5,569
5,242
5,045
5,416
6,141
6,456
6,163
5,666
5,433
56,265
5,627
18
*
55
.
0
Monmouth .
2,562
1,646
1,697
1,283
1,091
1,110
1,228
1,722
1,982
1,720
1,574
15,053
1,505
59
†
47
.
5
Norfolk . .
6,042
2,485
2,772
2,514
2,832
2,816
2,901
3,120
2,964
2,783
2,855
28,042
2,804
46
†
15
.
0
Northampton .
3,194
1,338
1,489
1,377
1,220
1,404
1,441
1,504
1,467
1,253
1,332
13,825
1,383
43
†
7
.
5
Northumberland
4,094
1,149
1,264
1,108
965
1,013
811
1,214
1,244
1,190
1,328
11,286
1,129
28
*
30
.
0
Nottingham .
4,168
1,715
1,724
1,645
1,642
1,742
1,953
2,000
1,834
1,635
1,760
17,650
1,765
42
†
5
.
0
Oxford . .
2,316
826
961
951
957
929
889
831
880
869
843
8,936
894
39
*
2
.
5
Rutland . .
216
115
92
125
99
97
69
73
99
152
118
1,039
104
49
†
22
.
5
Salop . .
3,180
1,647
1,568
1,497
1,533
1,392
1,496
1,428
1,544
1,532
1,661
15,298
1,530
48
†
20
.
0
Somerset . .
6,226
2,300
2,608
2,705
2,643
2,654
2,643
2,598
2,632
2,183
2,360
25,326
2,533
41
†
2
.
5
Southampton .
5,768
1,614
1,801
2,049
1,959
1,910
1,977
2,181
2,185
2,019
1,875
19,570
1,957
34
*
15
.
0
Stafford . .
8,292
3,886
4,045
3,552
3,065
3,335
3,937
5,091
4,920
6,423
5,263
43,517
4,352
52
†
30
.
0
Suffolk . .
4,738
2,173
2,353
2,342
2,057
2,124
2,304
2,436
2,389
2,325
2,354
22,857
2,286
48
†
20
.
0
Surrey . .
10,374
2,128
2,260
2,180
2,129
2,205
2,185
2,473
2,451
2,134
2,039
22,184
2,218
21
*
47
.
5
Sussex . .
4,268
1,452
1,480
1,400
1,364
1,443
1,427
1,594
1,534
1,512
1,371
14,577
1,458
34
*
15
.
0
Warwick . .
6,494
1,512
2,470
2,294
2,052
2,415
2,516
2,670
2,958
2,870
2,855
24,612
2,461
38
*
5
.
0
Westmorland .
780
195
191
177
185
193
225
237
321
220
135
2,079
208
27
*
32
.
5
Wilts . .
3,236
1,495
1,603
1,550
1,487
1,522
1,527
1,685
1,642
1,481
1,528
15,520
1,552
48
†
20
.
0
Worcester .
5,536
3,201
3,098
2,934
2,588
2,528
2,974
3,744
4,192
1,871
1,643
28,773
2,877
52
†
30
.
0
York . .
26,664
11,439
11,899
10,726
10,503
11,099
12,970
13,395
12,688
11,797
11,930
118,446
11,845
44
†
10
.
0
North Wales .
5,164
3,028
3,022
2,999
2,925
2,694
2,737
2,916
3,219
2,904
1,951
28,395
2,840
55
†
37
.
5
South Wales .
8,152
4,382
4,532
4,378
4,093
4,190
4,617
4,978
5,565
4,703
4,811
46,249
4,625
57
†
42
.
5
Total for England and Wales .
261,340
100,616
104,335
99,634
94,996
101,235
107,985
118,894
117,633
104,306
105,937
1,050,907
105,091
40
N.B. The † prefixed to a number denotes that it is
above
, the * that it is
below
the average by the percentage which it expresses.
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR IGNORANCE, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER WHO SIGNED THE MARRIAGE REGISTER WITH MARKS IN EVERY
100
PERSONS MARRIED.
Counties above the Average, or most Ignorant.
Counties below the Average, or least Ignorant.
Monmouth ............
59
Derby ..................
39
South Wales ............
57
Lincoin ................
39
Bedford ................
56
Oxford ................
39
North Wales............
55
Warwick................
38
Hertford ................
54
Dorset ................
36
Lancaster ..............
52
Durham ..............
36
Stafford ................
52
Gloucester ..............
35
Worcester ..............
52
Southampton ..........
34
Essex ..................
50
Sussex ..................
34
Bucks ..................
49
Devon..................
32
Hunts ..................
49
Kent ..................
32
Rutland ................
49
Northumberland ........
28
Salop ..................
48
Westmorland ..........
27
Suffolk ................
48
Cumberland ............
25
Wilts ................
48
Surrey ..................
21
Chester ................
46
Middlesex ..............
18
Norfolk ................
46
Cambridge ............
45
Cornwall ..............
45
York ..................
44
Northampton ..........
43
Berks ..................
42
Nottingham ............
42
Hereford ................
41
Leicester................
41
Average for England and Wales ............
40
Somerset ..............
41
THE CRIME AND IGNORANCE OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES COMPARED.
Counties having great Crime and great Ignorance.
Percentage above and below the Average.
Counties having great Crime and little Ignorance.
Percentage above and below the average.
In No. of Criminals.
In No. signing Register with Marks.
In No. of Criminals unable to read and write.
In No. of Criminals,
In No. signing Register with Marks.
In No. of Criminals unable to read and write.
Worcester . . . .
†
52
.
4
†
36
.
0
†
8
.
5
Gloucester . . . .
†
59
.
1
*
12
.
5
*
11
.
9
Hereford . . . .
†
45
.
1
†
2
.
5
†
41
.
5
Middlesex . . . .
†
49
.
4
*
55
.
0
*
21
.
7
Chester . . . . .
†
37
.
8
†
15
.
0
†
9
.
4
Oxford . . . . .
†
8
.
5
*
2
.
5
* .
9
Bucks . . . . .
†
24
.
4
†
22
.
5
†
6
.
9
Southampton . . .
†
7
.
9
*
15
.
0
*
13
.
5
Somerset . . . .
†
21
.
3
†
2
.
5
†
7
.
2
Essex . . . . .
†
16
.
4
†
25
.
0
†
24
.
2
Lancaster . . . . .
†
12
.
8
†
30
.
0
†
22
.
0
Hertford . . . .
†
6
.
7
†
35
.
0
†
29
.
8
Norfolk . . . .
†
4
.
2
†
15
.
0
†
19
.
1
Counties having little Crime and little Ignorance.
Counties having little Crime and great Ignorance.
North Wales . . .
*
56
.
1
†
37
.
5
†
20
.
4
Cumberland . . . .
*
56
.
7
*
37
.
5
*
15
.
4
South Wales . . .
*
48
.
7
†
42
.
5
†
14
.
7
Westmorland . . .
*
50
.
6
*
32
.
5
*
38
.
6
Hants . . . . .
*
14
.
0
†
22
.
5
†
1
.
9
Northumberland . . .
*
50
.
0
*
30
.
0
*
19
.
1
Northampton . . .
*
13
.
4
†
7
.
5
†
1
.
5
Derby . . . . .
*
36
.
0
*
2
.
5
*
23
.
5
Salop . . . . .
*
9
.
1
†
20
.
0
†
25
.
8
Lincoln . . . .
*
22
.
0
*
2
.
5
*
14
.
8
Bedford . . . .
*
7
.
3
†
40
.
0
†
28
.
3
Devon . . . . .
*
14
.
0
*
20
.
0
*
12
.
9
Suffelk . . . . .
*
4
.
2
†
20
.
0
†
8
.
1
Sussex . . . . .
*
6
.
7
*
15
.
0
*
4
.
0
Surrey . . . . .
* .
6
*
47
.
5
*
13
.
8
Counties having little Crime, and in which the Ignorance Tests are contradictory.
Counties having great Crime, and in which the Ignorance Tests are contradictory.
Durham . . . .
*
51
.
8
*
10
.
0
†
1
.
5
Cornwall . . . .
*
51
.
2
†
12
.
5
*
6
.
9
Warwick . . . .
†
31
.
7
*
5
.
0
†
9
.
7
York . . . . .
*
30
.
5
†
10
.
0
*
8
.
5
Wilts . . . . .
†
15
.
2
†
20
.
0
*
20
.
4
Nottingham . . . .
*
28
.
0
†
5
.
0
*
5
.
6
Monmouth . . . .
†
9
.
7
†
47
.
0
*
12
.
2
Berks . . . . .
*
21
.
4
†
5
.
0
*
4
.
7
Stafford . . . . .
†
9
.
1
†
30
.
0
*
3
.
4
Rutland . . . . .
*
15
.
2
†
22
.
5
*
2
.
5
Leicester . . . .
†
4
.
2
†
2
.
5
*
11
.
6
Cambridge . . . .
*
10
.
3
†
12
.
5
*
2
.
5
Dorset . . . . .
*
10
.
0
*
10
.
0
†
4
.
7
Kent . . . . .
*
20
.
0
†
6
.
3
N.B. The † prefixed to a number denotes that it is
above
, the * that it is
below
the average by the percentage which it expresses.
table SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF IGNORANCE AMONGST THE CRIMINALS IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.
COUNTIES.
Average Annual Number of Criminals from
1839
-
48
.
Number of Criminals who could neither read nor write.
Total for
10
years.
Average Number per Year.
No. of Criminals who can neither read nor write in every
100
.
Per Cent. above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
1839
.
1840
.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
Bedford . . .
181
39
72
90
110
80
81
64
66
64
79
745
74
40
.
8
†
28
.
3
Berks . . .
313
103
121
97
113
48
75
79
88
100
127
951
95
30
.
3
*
4
.
7
Bucks . . .
285
89
107
87
112
113
91
95
89
105
82
970
97
34
.
0
†
6
.
9
Cambridge . . .
249
79
65
90
78
80
77
69
78
75
81
772
77
30
.
9
*
2
.
5
Chester . . .
904
285
370
334
333
336
259
230
296
336
371
3,150
315
34
.
8
†
9
.
4
Cornwall . . .
294
81
95
82
80
82
65
90
89
125
86
875
87
29
.
6
*
6
.
9
Cumberland . .
130
39
30
26
45
37
41
21
46
32
37
354
35
26
.
9
*
15
.
4
Derby . . .
263
74
48
66
92
77
61
53
63
41
64
642
64
24
.
3
*
23
.
5
Devon . . .
755
143
154
146
144
204
235
211
248
307
295
2,087
209
27
.
7
*
12
.
9
Dorset . . .
258
84
107
96
75
95
73
83
64
93
84
864
86
33
.
3
†
4
.
7
Durham . . .
260
70
33
56
88
96
138
66
78
97
120
842
84
32
.
3
†
1
.
5
Essex . . .
638
213
297
302
295
290
219
188
242
254
224
2,524
252
39
.
5
†
24
.
2
Gloucester . .
1067
326
322
370
414
330
211
210
235
293
276
2,987
299
28
.
0
*
11
.
9
Hereford . . .
229
102
120
121
107
107
83
96
64
112
115
1,027
103
45
.
0
†
41
.
5
Hertford . . .
288
147
133
146
119
98
111
90
82
121
148
1,195
119
41
.
3
†
29
.
8
Hunts . . .
77
20
33
21
22
26
27
32
14
21
36
252
25
32
.
4
†
1
.
9
Kent . . .
942
348
251
353
371
330
301
301
267
305
368
3,195
319
33
.
8
†
6
.
3
Lancaster . . .
3462
1143
1391
1556
1947
1423
992
1023
1097
1283
1389
13,444
1344
38
.
8
†
22
.
0
Leicester . . .
419
141
159
135
141
137
135
87
96
66
82
1,179
118
28
.
1
*
11
.
6
Lincoln . . .
458
117
119
99
133
131
134
112
125
136
137
1,243
124
27
.
1
*
14
.
8
Middlesex . .
4230
927
882
980
800
1033
933
1230
1177
1280
1322
10,564
1056
24
.
9
*
21
.
7
Monmouth . .
272
83
94
112
73
79
67
34
45
81
95
763
76
27
.
9
*
12
.
2
Norfolk . . .
727
285
266
258
308
284
290
254
271
293
247
2,756
276
37
.
9
†
19
.
1
Northampton . .
291
96
92
118
111
92
90
107
86
56
93
941
94
32
.
3
†
1
.
5
Northumberland .
214
24
57
45
58
75
96
44
45
49
57
550
55
25
.
7
*
19
.
1
Nottingham . .
333
104
108
91
102
112
115
79
88
95
106
1,000
100
30
.
0
*
5
.
6
Oxford . . .
308
113
134
106
99
117
84
93
64
90
73
973
97
31
.
5
* .
9
Rutland . . .
29
4
--
1
11
13
8
12
8
15
17
89
9
31
.
0
*
2
.
5
Salop . . .
367
136
176
182
173
215
164
104
89
112
119
1,470
147
40
.
0
†
25
.
8
Somerset . . .
935
281
410
352
363
333
360
298
224
266
313
3,200
320
34
.
1
†
7
.
2
Southampton . .
664
215
207
188
186
159
126
153
193
213
194
1,834
183
27
.
5
*
13
.
5
Stafford . . .
1017
233
271
324
465
313
304
212
263
354
387
3,126
313
30
.
7
*
3
.
4
Suffolk . . .
511
187
201
184
188
195
198
113
159
159
179
1,763
176
34
.
4
†
8
.
1
Surrey . . .
1026
315
320
274
300
223
233
223
218
348
340
2,824
282
27
.
4
*
13
.
8
Sussex . . .
498
173
173
176
191
143
111
97
151
136
168
1,519
152
30
.
5
*
4
.
0
Warwick . . .
959
293
396
403
363
392
267
237
234
324
440
3,349
335
34
.
9
†
9
.
7
Westmorland . .
41
8
6
5
5
6
3
11
20
5
9
78
8
19
.
5
*
38
.
6
Wilts . . .
462
132
145
146
127
116
100
85
101
118
104
1,174
117
25
.
3
*
20
.
4
Worcester. . .
594
169
275
244
250
242
204
210
195
229
232
2,250
225
34
.
5
†
8
.
5
York . . .
1878
553
572
531
776
621
444
378
453
528
619
5,475
547
29
.
1
*
8
.
5
North Wales . .
274
84
110
92
122
116
107
81
79
126
136
1,053
105
38
.
3
†
20
.
4
South Wales . .
435
108
136
135
138
174
188
183
108
187
240
1,593
159
36
.
5
†
14
.
7
TOTAL FOR ÈNGLAND AND WALES. .
27,542
8196
9058
9220
10,128
9173
7901
7438
7698
9050
9691
87,553
8755
31
.
8
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THE IGNORANCE AMONGST THEIR CRIMINALS, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF PERSONS WHO COULD NEITHER READ NOR WRITE IN EVERY
100
CRIMINALS.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Hereford ........
45
.
0
Oxford ........
31
.
5
Hertford ........
41
.
3
Rutland ........
31
.
0
Bedford ........
40
.
8
Cambridge ......
30
.
9
Salop............
40
.
0
Stafford ........
30
.
7
Essex ..........
39
.
5
Sussex ..........
30
.
5
Lancaster ......
38
.
8
Berks ..........
30
.
3
North Wales ....
38
.
3
Nottingham ....
30
.
0
Norfolk ........
37
.
9
Cornwall ......
29
.
6
South Wales ....
36
.
5
York............
29
.
1
Warwick........
34
.
9
Leicester ........
28
.
1
Chester ........
34
.
8
Gloucester ......
28
.
0
Worcester ......
34
.
5
Monmouth ....
27
.
9
Suffolk..........
34
.
4
Devon ..........
27
.
7
Somerset........
34
.
1
Southampton....
27
.
5
Bucks ..........
34
.
0
Surrey ..........
27
.
4
Kent............
33
.
8
Lincoln ........
27
.
1
Dorset ..........
33
.
3
Cumberland ....
26
.
9
Hunts ..........
32
.
4
Northumberland
25
.
7
Durham ........
32
.
3
Wilts ..........
25
.
3
Northampton ..
32
.
3
Middlesex ......
24
.
9
-----
Derby ..........
24
.
3
Average for England and Wales
31
.
8
Westmorland....
19
.
5
THE COUNTIES ARRANGED CRIMINALLY AND TOPOGRAPHICALLY (
to show the local association of crime
).
DIVISION I.—
Northern, Welsh, and Cornish Counties.
DIVISION IV. —
South Eastern and South Western.
No. of Criminals in
10,000
.
No. of Criminals in
10,000
.
Cumberland ....
7
.
1
Berks ..........
12
.
9
Durham ........
7
.
8
Devon ..........
14
.
1
Westmorland....
8
.
1
Dorset ..........
14
.
8
Northumberland
8
.
2
Sussex ..........
15
.
3
North Wales ....
7
.
2
Surrey ..........
16
.
3
South Wales ....
8
.
4
Kent............
16
.
4
Cornwall........
8
.
0
Hants ..........
17
.
7
DIVISION II.—
York and N. Midland Counties.
Wilts............
18
.
9
Somerset........
19
.
9
Monmouth......
18
.
0
York............
11
.
4
DIVISION V. —
Western and North Western.
Derby ..........
10
.
5
Nottingham ....
11
.
8
Lincoln ........
12
.
8
Rutland ........
13
.
9
Shropshire ......
14
.
9
DIVISION III.—
S. Midland & Eastern Counties.
Leicestershire....
17
.
1
Stafford ........
17
.
9
Lancaster ......
18
.
5
Hunts ..........
14
.
1
Chester..........
22
.
6
Northampton ..
14
.
2
Warwick ........
21
.
6
Cambridge ....
14
.
7
Hereford ........
23
.
8
Bedford ........
15
.
2
Worcester ......
25
.
0
Suffolk ........
15
.
7
Gloucester ......
26
.
1
Norfolk ........
17
.
1
DIVISION VI. —
Metropolitan.
Essex ..........
19
.
1
Oxford ........
17
.
8
Herts ..........
17
.
5
Bucks ..........
20
.
4
Middlesex ......
24
.
5
The Northern, Welsh, and Cornish Counties range in criminality from
7
.
1
to
8
.
4
in
10,000
.
York and the N. Midland Counties, from
11
.
4
to
13
.
9
.
The S. Midland and Eastern Counties, from
14
.
1
to
20
.
4
.
The S. Eastern and S. Western, from
12
.
9
to
19
.
9
.
The Western and N. Western, from
14
.
9
to
26
.
1
.
The Metropolitan,
24
.
5
.
table SHOWING THE RELATIVE CRIMINALITY AND IGNORANCE OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE OCCUPATION OF THEIR INHABITANTS.
 
No. of Criminals in every
10,000
of Pop.
No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every
100
married.
 
No. of Crimiminals in every
10,000
of Pop.
No. of Persons who signed with Marks in every
100
married.
Agricultural Counties.
Lincoln................
12
39
Chester................
22
46
Rutland ..............
13
49
Nottingham ..........
11
42
Huntingdon ..........
14
49
Leicester ..............
17
41
Cambridge ............
14
45
Warwick ..............
21
38
Essex ................
19
50
Worcester..............
25
52
Sussex ................
15
34
Mining Counties.
Hereford ..............
23
41
Durham ..............
7
36
Agricultural and Sub- Manufacturing Counties.
Cornwall ..............
8
45
Manufacturing and Sub- Mining Counties.
Westmorland ..........
8
27
Norfolk................
17
46
Derby ................
10
39
Suffolk ................
15
48
Stafford................
17
52
Hertford ..............
17
54
Agricultural and Sub- Mining Counties.
Bedford................
15
56
Buckingham ..........
20
49
Salop ................
14
48
Northampton..........
14
43
North Wales ..........
7
55
Oxford ................
17
39
South Wales ..........
8
57
Berks..................
12
42
Sub--Agricultural and Sub-Mining Counties.
Hants ................
17
34
Wilts..................
18
48
Northumberland ......
8
28
Dorset ................
14
36
Cumberland ..........
7
25
Somerset ..............
19
41
Monmouth ............
18
59
Sub--Agricul. and Sub- Manufact. County.
Metropolitan County.
Middlesex ............
24
18
Gloucester ............
26
35
Sub-Metropolitan Counties.
Manufacturing Counties.
Lancaster..............
18
52
Surrey ................
16
21
Yorkshire ............
11
44
Kent ..................
16
32
For definition of Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Mining Counties, see Table of Density of Population, No.
37
.


Table Showing the Relative Degrees of Criminality and Ignorance in the Different Counties in England and Wales. the average Taken For
Ten
Years.
The thin line represents Ignorance. The thick line represents Crime.
EDUCATION OF CRIMINALS (ENGLAND AND WALES).
table SHOWING THE DEGREES OF INSTRUCTION OF PERSONS OF ALL AGES COMMITTED TO PRISON FROM
1839
TO
1848
.
Years.
Unable to read or write.
Able to read and write imperfectly.
Able to read and write well.
Superior Instruction.
Instruction could not be ascertained.
Total.
1839
8,196
13,071
2462
78
636
24,443
1840
9,058
15,109
2253
101
666
27,187
1841
9,220
15,732
2053
26
629
27,760
1842
10,128
18,260
2121
69
731
31,309
1843
9,173
17,045
2371
140
862
29,591
1844
7,901
15,735
2165
111
639
26,512
1845
7,438
14,179
2037
89
560
24,303
1846
7,698
14,942
1936
85
446
25,107
1847
9,050
16,980
2245
82
476
28,833
1848
9,691
17,111
2984
81
482
30,349
table SHOWING THE CENTESIMAL DEGREES OF INSTRUCTION OF PERSONS OF ALL AGES COMMITTED TO PRISON FROM
1839
TO
1848
.
Years
Unable to read or write.
Able to read and write imperfectly.
Able to read and write well.
Superior Instruction.
Instruction could not be ascertained.
1839
33
.
53
53
.
48
10
.
07
0
.
32
2
.
60
1840
33
.
32
55
.
57
8
.
29
0
.
37
2
.
45
1841
33
.
21
56
.
67
7
.
40
0
.
45
2
.
27
1842
32
.
35
58
.
32
6
.
77
0
.
22
2
.
34
1843
31
.
00
57
.
60
8
.
02
0
.
47
2
.
91
1844
29
.
77
59
.
28
8
.
42
0
.
42
2
.
41
1845
30
.
61
58
.
34
8
.
38
0
.
37
2
.
30
1846
30
.
66
59
.
51
7
.
71
0
.
34
1
.
78
1847
31
.
39
58
.
89
7
.
79
0
.
28
1
.
65
1848
31
.
93
56
.
38
9
.
83
0
.
27
1
.
59
*** "The instruction of the offenders," say the Criminal Returns of
1848
, "has been without much variation, exhibiting, on a comparison of the last
ten
years, a
decreased
proportion of those entirely uninstructed;" and it may be added a corresponding
increase
of those who are able to read and write imperfectly.
THE STATE OF EDUCATION AND DENSITY OF THE POPULATION IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES COMPARED.
Counties having great Ignorance and great density of Population.
Percentage above and below the Average.
Counties having little Ignorance and great density of Population.
Percentage above and below the Average.
In No. signing register with Marks.
In No. of Persons to
100
Acres.
In No. signing register with Marks.
In No. of Persons to
100
Acres.
Monmouth ..
†
47
†
9
Middlesex ..
*
55
†
2030
Lancaster ..
†
30
†
270
Surrey ......
*
47
†
189
Stafford ....
†
30
†
72
Kent ........
*
20
†
28
Worcester....
†
30
†
13
Gloucester ..
*
12
†
6
Chester ......
†
15
†
31
Durham ....
*
10
†
21
Nottingham
†
5
†
12
Warwick ....
*
5
†
70
Counties having little Ignorance and little density of Population.
Counties having great Ignorance and little density of Population.
Cumberland
*
37
*
59
South Wales
†
42
*
55
Westmorland
*
32
*
75
Bedford ....
†
40
*
12
Northumb...
*
30
*
48
North Wales
†
37
*
60
Devon ......
*
20
*
30
Hertford ....
†
35
*
12
Sussex ......
*
15
*
25
Essex........
†
25
*
29
Southampton
*
15
*
20
Bucks ......
†
22
*
37
Dorset ......
*
10
*
43
Hunts ......
†
22
*
49
Oxford ......
*
2
*
26
Rutland ....
†
22
*
49
Lincoln......
*
2
*
51
Salop ........
†
20
*
42
Derby ......
*
2
*
20
Suffolk ......
†
20
*
26
Wilts........
†
20
*
44
Norfolk ....
†
15
*
32
Cambridge ..
†
12
*
28
Cornwall ....
†
12
*
16
York ........
†
10
*
2
Northampton
†
7
*
33
Berks........
†
5
*
15
Hereford ....
†
2
*
63
Leicester ....
†
2
*
7
Somerset ....
†
2
*
10
*** The rule appears to be, that those counties are the
most
ignorant in which the population is the
least
dense.
THE CRIME AND DENSITY OF THE POPULATION OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES COMPARED.
Counties having great Crime and great density of Population.
Percentage above and below the Average.
Counties having great Crime and little density of Population.
Percentage above and below the Average.
In Number of Criminals.
In No. of Persons to
100
Acres.
In Number of Criminals.
In No. of Persons to
100
Acres.
Gloucester ..
†
59
.
1
†
6
.
4
Hereford ....
†
45
.
1
*
63
.
4
Worcester....
†
52
.
4
†
13
.
3
Bucks ......
†
24
.
4
*
37
.
0
Middlesex....
†
49
.
4
†
2030
.
8
Somerset ....
†
21
.
3
*
10
.
9
Chester ......
†
37
.
8
†
31
.
2
Essex ......
†
16
.
4
*
29
.
6
Warwick ...
†
31
.
7
†
70
.
0
Wilts ......
†
15
.
2
*
44
.
1
Lancaster ....
†
12
.
8
†
270
.
6
Oxford ......
†
8
.
5
*
26
.
8
Monmouth ..
†
9
.
7
†
9
.
9
Southampton
†
7
.
9
*
20
.
7
Stafford ....
†
9
.
1
†
72
.
2
Hertford ....
†
6
.
7
*
12
.
5
Leicester ....
†
4
.
2
*
7
.
4
Norfolk ....
†
4
.
2
*
32
.
6
Counties having little Crime and little density of Population.
Counties having little Crime and great density of Population.
Cumberland
*
56
.
7
*
59
.
6
North Wales
*
56
.
1
*
60
.
4
Cornwall ....
*
51
.
2
*
16
.
3
Durham ....
*
51
.
8
†
21
.
9
Westmorland
*
50
.
6
*
75
.
9
Nottingham..
*
28
.
0
†
12
.
7
Northumb. ..
*
50
.
0
*
48
.
1
Surrey ......
* .
6
†
189
.
7
South Wales
*
48
.
7
*
55
.
1
Kent ........
†
28
.
0
Derby ......
*
36
.
0
*
20
.
9
York ........
*
30
.
5
*
2
.
0
Lincoln ....
*
22
.
0
*
51
.
7
Berks ......
*
21
.
4
*
15
.
5
Hunts ......
*
14
.
0
*
49
.
9
Devon ......
*
14
.
0
*
30
.
0
Rutland ....
*
15
.
2
*
49
.
9
Northampton
*
13
.
4
*
33
.
4
Cambridge ..
*
10
.
3
*
28
.
2
Dorset ......
*
10
.
0
*
43
.
1
Salop ........
*
9
.
1
*
42
.
9
Bedford ....
*
7
.
3
*
12
.
3
Sussex ......
*
6
.
7
*
25
.
0
Suffolk ......
*
4
.
2
*
26
.
6
*** The rule appears to be, that those counties are the least criminal in which the population is the least dense.
N.B. The † prefixed to a number denotes that it is
above
, the * that it is
below
the average by the percentage which it expresses.


MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN IN EVERY
1000
BIRTHS, IN EACH COUNTY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number of Illegitimate Births is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of Illegitimate Births is
below
the Average. The Average is taken for
four
years (as long as the returns will allow).
The Average for all England and Wales is
67
in every
1000
.
A table SHOWING THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.
***
The average is calculated for as long a series of years as the returns of the Registrar General will permit.
COUNTIES.
Total Number of Births for
4
Years, from
1845
-
48
.
Average per Year.
Number of Illegitimate Births.
Total for
4
Years.
Average per Year.
Proportion to all Births,
1
in every
Number of illegitimate in every
1000
Births.
Per Cent. above and below the Average. †denotes above * " below
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
Bedford. . . .
17,384
4,346
355
349
302
338
1,344
336
12
.
9
77
†
14
.
9
Berks . . . .
23,195
5,799
463
472
438
470
1,843
461
12
.
5
79
†
17
.
9
Bucks . . . .
17,984
4,496
328
329
296
306
1,259
315
14
.
2
70
†
4
.
4
Cambridge . . .
25,546
6,386
441
407
442
404
1,694
423
15
.
0
66
*
1
.
5
Chester . . . .
51,396
12,599
1188
1190
1064
1072
4,514
1128
11
.
3
89
†
32
.
8
Cornwall . . .
45,017
11,254
576
537
515
508
2,136
534
21
.
0
47
*
29
.
8
Cumberland . . .
23,541
5,885
647
641
629
638
2,555
639
9
.
2
108
†
61
.
2
Derby . . . .
32,295
8,074
672
670
674
610
2,626
656
12
.
2
81
†
20
.
9
Devon . . . .
64,802
16,200
789
889
758
837
3,273
818
19
.
7
50
*
25
.
3
Dorset . . . .
20,529
5,132
364
331
309
366
1,370
342
14
.
9
66
*
1
.
5
Durham. . . .
54,916
13,729
804
821
812
859
3,296
824
16
.
3
60
*
10
.
4
Essex . . . .
41,356
10,339
588
673
590
634
2,485
621
16
.
6
60
*
10
.
4
Gloucester . . .
49,444
12,361
811
855
720
767
3,153
788
15
.
6
64
*
4
.
5
Hereford . . .
10,984
2,746
273
305
254
263
1,095
274
10
.
0
100
†
49
.
2
Hertford . . .
21,590
5,397
402
414
368
367
1,551
388
13
.
9
72
†
7
.
4
Hunts . . . .
8,179
2,045
116
100
80
98
394
98
20
.
7
48
*
28
.
3
Kent . . . .
73,836
18,459
1015
1008
976
995
3,994
998
14
.
8
54
*
19
.
4
Lancaster . . .
293,023
73,256
5929
5897
5477
5384
22,687
5672
12
.
9
77
†
14
.
9
Leicester . . .
29,512
7,378
640
624
531
536
2,331
583
12
.
6
79
†
17
.
9
Lincoln. . . .
49,546
12,386
843
845
773
821
3,282
820
15
.
0
66
*
1
.
5
Middlesex . . .
217,523
54,381
2048
2254
2201
2298
8,801
2200
24
.
7
40
*
40
.
3
Monmouth . . .
21,995
5,499
247
266
253
309
1,075
269
20
.
4
49
*
26
.
8
Norfolk . . . .
52,387
13,097
1424
1440
1295
1336
5,495
1374
9
.
5
105
†
56
.
7
Northampton. . .
27,674
6,918
440
420
395
411
1,666
416
16
.
6
60
*
10
.
4
Northumberland . .
37,523
9,381
668
678
715
679
2,740
685
13
.
6
73
†
8
.
9
Nottingham . . .
35,244
8,811
895
827
775
736
3,233
808
10
.
9
91
†
35
.
8
Oxford . . . .
20,886
5,221
368
468
386
361
1,583
396
13
.
1
76
†
13
.
4
Rutland. . . .
2,825
706
52
34
30
45
161
40
17
.
5
56
*
16
.
4
Salop . . . .
25,899
6,475
676
658
593
632
2,559
640
10
.
1
99
†
47
.
7
Somerset . . .
53,509
13,377
903
860
796
830
3,389
847
15
.
7
63
*
6
.
0
Southampton. . .
46,726
11,681
704
711
688
709
2,812
703
16
.
6
60
*
10
.
4
Stafford. . . .
77,972
19,493
1240
1283
1409
1433
5,365
1341
14
.
5
69
†
3
.
0
Suffolk . . . .
42,055
10,514
937
950
849
846
3,582
895
11
.
7
85
†
26
.
8
Surrey . . . .
81,968
20,492
855
911
930
915
3,611
903
22
.
6
44
*
34
.
3
Sussex . . . .
38,454
9,613
657
669
695
626
2,647
662
14
.
5
68
†
1
.
5
Warwick . . .
58,938
14,734
779
835
830
879
3,323
831
17
.
7
56
*
16
.
4
Westmorland. . .
7,073
1,793
179
147
149
149
624
156
11
.
3
87
†
29
.
8
Wilts . . . .
29,008
7,252
521
549
485
469
2,024
506
14
.
3
69
†
3
.
0
Worcester . . .
40,561
10,140
768
885
512
553
2,718
679
14
.
9
66
*
1
.
5
York . . . .
231,444
57,861
4266
4317
4030
4106
16,619
4155
13
.
9
71
†
6
.
0
North Wales. . .
43,268
10,817
872
854
830
832
3,388
847
12
.
7
78
†
16
.
4
South Wales. . .
72,188
18,047
1407
1256
1271
1300
5,234
1308
13
.
7
72
†
7
.
4
Total for England and Wales . . .
2,219,170
554,792
38,241
38,259
36,125
36,747
149,642
37,410
14
.
8
67
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATES IN EVERY
1000
CHILDREN BORN.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Cumberland ............
108
Cambridge ............
66
Norfolk ................
105
Dorset ..................
66
Hereford................
100
Lincoln ..................
66
Salop ..................
99
Worcester ................
66
Nottingham ............
91
Gloucester ..............
64
Chester ................
89
Somerset ..............
63
Westmorland ..........
87
Southampton ..........
60
Suffolk ................
85
Northampton ..........
60
Derby ..................
81
Essex ..................
60
Berks ..................
79
Durham ................
60
Leicester................
79
Warwick................
56
North Wales............
78
Rutland ................
56
Lancaster ..............
77
Kent ..................
54
Bedford ................
77
Devon..................
50
Oxford ................
76
Monmouth ............
49
Northum berland........
73
Hunts ..................
48
Hertford................
72
Cornwall ................
47
South Wales...........
72
Surrey ..................
44
York ..................
71
Middlesex ................
40
Bucks ..................
70
----
Wilts ..................
69
Average for England and Wales ..................
67
Stafford ................
69
Sussex ..................
68
THE EARLY MARRIAGES AND THE INCREASE OF THE POPULATION IN EACH COUNTY COMPARED.
Counties in which the Increase of the Population and the number of Early Marriages are both above the Average.
Rate of Increase of the Population from
1841
to
1851
per cent.
Annual No. of Early Marriages in every
1000
Marriages, from
1844
-
48
.
Counties in which the Increase of the Population is below the Average, and the number of Early Marriages is above it.
Rate of Increase of the Population from
1841
to
1851
per cent.
Annual No. of Early Marriages in every
1000
Marriages, from
1844
-
48
.
Among Males.
Among Females.
Among Males.
Among Females.
Lancaster ..........
22
50
139
Cambridge ........
13
73
227
Stafford ............
20
62
176
Worcester..........
13
56
151
Bedford ..........
16
109
235
York ..............
13
57
187
Chester ............
15
54
151
Hunts..............
9
99
336
Counties in which the Increase of the Population and the number of Early Marriages are both below the Average.
Nottingham ......
9
60
158
Derby..............
9
46
138
Essex ..............
7
57
204
Hertford ..........
7
75
210
Northumberland ..
13
39
124
Norfolk............
7
50
148
Southampton ......
13
25
118
Suffolk ............
7
52
162
Cumberland ......
10
33
105
Northampton ......
7
71
190
Gloucester ........
6
42
104
Leicester ..........
7
79
179
Devon ............
6
22
82
Berks ..............
5
148
143
Rutland ..........
5
36
123
Bucks..............
4
94
74
Cornwall ..........
4
32
131
Oxford ............
4
46
151
North Wales ......
4
27
77
Wilts ..............
0
.
7
68
164
Hereford ..........
3
17
79
Counties in which the Increase of Population is above the Average, and the number of Early Marriages is below it.
Westmorland ......
3
32
128
Salop ..............
1
29
95
Middlesex ........
20
18
85
Surrey ............
17
16
91
Counties in which the Increase of the Population and the Early Marriages among Females are above the Average and those among Males below it.
Monmouth ........
17
28
105
South Wales ......
14
30
82
Durham ..........
26
35
142
Counties in which the Increase of the Population and the Early Marriages among Males are below the Average and those among Females above it.
Kent ..............
14
46
140
Lincoln ..........
12
39
153
Sussex ............
12
38
160
County in which the Increase of the Population and Early Marriages among Females are below the Average, and those among Males above it.
Counties in which the Increase of the Population and Early Marriages among Females is below the Average and those among Males above it.
Warwick ..........
18
46
131
Somerset ..........
2
47
112
Dorset ............
6
47
125


MAP
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF EARLY MARRIAGES AMONGST MALES IN EVERY
1000
MARRIAGES, IN EACH COUNTY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number of Improvident Marriages is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of Improvident Marriages is
below
the Average. The Average is taken for
five
years (as long as the returns will allow).
The Average for all England and Wales is
43
in
1000
.
table SHOWING THE NUMBER OF EARLY MARRIAGES OF MALES AND FEMALES IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES
FOR THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.
***
The returns of the Registrar do not admit of the average being calculated from a longer series of years.
COUNTIES.
Annual Average Number of Marriages from
1844
-
48
.
Number of Early Marriages.
Total for
5
years.
Average per year.
Proportion to all Marriages,
1
in every
Number of early Marriages to every
1000
.
p Cent. above and below the Average. † denotes above * " below
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
Bedford . .
960
102
237
103
216
108
238
115
221
96
218
524
1,130
105
226
9
.
1
4
.
2
109
235
†
153
†
74
Berks . .
1,322
52
186
61
182
62
201
74
204
70
171
319
944
64
189
20
.
6
6
.
9
48
143
†
12
†
6
Bucks . .
974
66
181
66
175
87
196
76
179
67
213
362
944
72
189
13
.
5
5
.
1
74
194
†
72
†
44
Cambridge .
1,428
115
324
89
308
112
349
96
311
115
328
527
1,620
105
324
13
.
6
4
.
4
73
227
†
70
†
68
Chester . .
2,764
153
393
175
427
154
455
132
372
136
446
750
2,093
150
419
18
.
4
6
.
5
54
151
†
25
†
12
Cornwall . .
2,510
86
312
84
348
80
334
86
313
68
341
404
1,648
81
330
30
.
9
7
.
6
32
131
*
25
*
3
Cumberland .
1,060
31
88
54
145
28
133
23
94
38
97
174
557
35
111
30
.
2
9
.
5
33
105
*
23
*
22
Derby . .
1,954
86
276
76
243
104
289
82
270
109
275
457
1,353
91
271
21
.
4
7
.
2
46
138
†
7
†
2
Devon . .
4,574
84
324
95
352
104
367
97
401
124
430
504
1,874
101
375
45
.
2
12
.
1
22
82
*
49
*
39
Dorset . .
1,209
62
155
64
161
46
130
57
166
57
147
286
759
57
152
21
.
2
7
.
9
47
125
†
9
*
7
Durham . .
3,137
82
353
110
468
118
463
124
462
115
489
549
2,235
110
447
28
.
5
7
.
0
35
142
*
19
†
5
Essex . .
2,154
125
454
133
436
116
415
123
411
121
462
618
2,178
124
436
17
.
3
4
.
9
57
202
†
33
†
50
Gloucester .
3,568
133
350
162
378
180
414
114
340
163
372
752
1,854
150
371
23
.
7
9
.
6
42
104
*
2
*
23
Hereford . .
648
15
47
10
61
11
60
14
47
7
42
57
257
11
51
58
.
9
12
.
7
17
79
*
60
*
41
Hertford . .
1,009
86
218
77
229
83
227
68
193
68
192
382
1,059
76
212
13
.
2
4
.
7
75
210
†
74
†
56
Hunts . .
455
77
370
41
91
29
110
42
94
37
102
226
767
45
153
10
.
1
2
.
9
99
336
†
130
†
149
Kent . .
4,339
98
584
112
614
128
659
108
567
128
625
574
3,049
115
610
37
.
7
7
.
1
26
140
*
40
†
4
Lancaster . .
18,785
831
2310
1040
2729
1005
2784
773
2330
1100
2864
4749
13,017
950
2603
19
.
7
7
.
2
50
139
†
16
†
3
Leicester . .
1,827
160
330
168
359
150
321
125
277
124
347
727
1,634
145
327
12
.
6
5
.
5
79
179
†
84
†
33
Lincoln . .
2,862
112
393
115
430
82
453
110
417
138
509
557
2,202
111
440
25
.
7
6
.
5
39
153
*
9
†
13
Middlesex . .
16,859
249
1262
360
1477
329
1606
322
1428
286
1437
1546
7,210
309
1442
54
.
5
11
.
6
18
85
*
58
*
37
Monmouth .
1,395
28
119
38
149
43
147
44
157
44
165
197
737
39
147
35
.
7
9
.
4
28
105
*
35
*
22
Norfolk . .
3,189
164
467
173
448
158
472
144
444
164
504
803
2,335
161
467
19
.
8
6
.
8
50
146
†
16
†
81
Northampton .
1,648
109
317
136
354
112
326
110
287
119
281
586
1,565
117
313
14
.
0
5
.
2
71
190
†
65
†
41
Northumberland .
2,161
68
219
79
283
98
310
97
255
77
278
419
1,345
84
269
24
.
5
8
.
0
39
124
*
9
*
81
Nottingham .
2,204
148
369
133
365
139
365
113
302
130
341
663
1,742
133
348
16
.
5
6
.
3
60
158
†
40
†
17
Oxford . .
1,154
53
172
52
190
56
156
51
163
57
196
269
877
54
175
21
.
3
6
.
5
46
151
†
7
†
12
Rutland . .
164
2
10
5
16
4
14
11
34
6
33
28
107
6
21
27
.
3
7
.
8
36
128
*
16
*
5
Salop . .
1,596
36
144
32
118
62
165
52
151
55
177
237
755
47
151
33
.
9
10
.
5
29
95
*
33
*
30
Somerset . .
3,159
144
375
159
328
166
385
116
319
159
371
744
1,778
149
356
21
.
2
8
.
8
47
112
†
9
*
17
Southampton .
3,085
77
370
81
414
100
370
67
304
70
367
395
1,825
79
365
39
.
0
8
.
4
25
118
*
42
*
13
Stafford . .
4,807
215
634
278
818
285
835
391
1045
319
907
1488
4,239
298
848
16
.
1
5
.
6
62
176
†
44
†
30
Suffolk . .
2,453
115
367
133
401
139
420
123
394
128
420
638
2,002
128
400
19
.
1
6
.
1
52
163
†
21
†
21
Surrey . .
5,550
84
485
90
523
108
532
86
536
70
462
438
2,538
88
508
63
.
0
10
.
9
16
91
*
63
*
25
Sussex . .
2,231
83
320
98
355
95
411
72
345
79
356
427
1,787
85
357
26
.
2
6
.
2
38
160
*
12
†
19
Warwick . .
3,650
130
383
158
437
175
482
176
502
212
597
851
2,401
170
480
21
.
4
7
.
6
46
131
†
7
*
3
Westmorland .
436
10
44
11
40
22
80
17
64
8
50
68
278
14
56
31
.
1
7
.
7
32
128
*
25
*
5
Wilts . .
1,681
117
265
108
294
134
308
99
246
115
282
573
1,395
115
279
14
.
6
6
.
0
68
164
†
58
†
21
Worcester . .
2,796
151
421
201
583
254
604
93
272
89
240
788
2,120
158
424
17
.
6
6
.
5
56
151
†
30
†
12
York . .
14,399
828
2586
934
2868
841
2774
747
2649
794
2619
4144
13,496
829
2699
17
.
3
5
.
3
57
187
†
33
†
39
North Wales .
2,643
75
200
75
186
65
224
67
207
79
211
361
1,028
72
206
36
.
7
12
.
8
27
77
*
37
*
43
South Wales .
4,337
113
280
118
377
141
417
129
345
150
372
651
1,791
130
358
33
.
3
12
.
1
30
82
*
30
*
39
Total for England & Wales
139,146
5515
17,410
6287
19,376
6313
20,001
5566
18,118
6091
19,336
29,772
94,241
5954
18,848
23
.
3
7
.
3
43
135
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR EARLY MARRIAGES, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF MARRIAGES, UNDER
TWENTY-ONE
YEARS OF AGE, IN EVERY
1000
MARRIAGES.
AMONGST MALES.
AMONGST FEMALES.
Counties above
the Average.
Counties below
the Average.
Counties above
the Average.
Counties below
the Average.
Bedford ..
109
Gloucester
42
Huntingdon
336
Warwick ..
131
Hunts ....
99
Lincoln ..
39
Bedford ....
235
Cornwall ..
131
Leicester ..
79
Northumb.
39
Cambridge
227
Westmor...
128
Hertford ..
75
Sussex ....
38
Hertford ...
210
Rutland....
128
Bucks ....
74
Rutland ..
36
Essex ......
204
Dorset ....
125
Cambridge
73
Durham ..
35
Bucks......
194
Northumb.
124
Northamp.
71
Cumberland
33
Northamp.
190
Southamp.
118
Wilts ....
68
Cornwall..
32
York ......
187
Somerset ..
112
Stafford ..
62
Westmor.
32
Leicester ..
179
Monmouth
105
Nottingham
60
S. Wales ..
30
Stafford ....
176
Cumberland
105
Essex ....
57
Salop......
29
Wilts ......
164
Gloucester
104
York ....
57
Monmouth
28
Suffolk ....
162
Shropshire
95
Worcester
56
N. Wales ..
27
Sussex ....
160
Surrey ....
91
Chester....
54
Kent ......
26
Nottingham
158
Middlesex..
85
Suffolk ....
52
Southamp.
25
Lincoln ....
153
Devon ....
82
Lancaster..
50
Devon ....
22
Oxford ....
151
S. Wales ...
82
Norfolk ..
50
Middlesex
18
Chester ....
151
Hereford ..
79
Berks ....
48
Hereford ..
17
Worcester..
151
N. Wales ..
77
Dorset ....
47
Surrey ....
16
Norfolk....
148
---
Somerset ..
47
--
Berks ......
143
Average for
England
and Wales
135
Derby ....
46
Average for
England
and Wales
43
Durham ..
142
Oxford ....
46
Kent ......
140
Warwick ..
46
Lancaster ..
139
Derby......
138
*** The rule is, that where the greatest number of males marry at an early age, the greatest number of females do so likewise—the exceptions being Dorset, Somerset, and Warwick, among the males, and Sussex, Lincoln, Durham, and Kent among the females.
††† There are, on an average, rather more than
3
females married at an early age to every male.
THE ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS AND EARLY MARRIAGES IN THE SEVERAL
COUNTIES COMPARED.
Counties in which the Illegitimate Births and the Early Marriages are both above the Average.
Percent. above & below the Aver.
Counties in which the Illegitimate Births are above the Average and the Early Marriages below it.
Percent. above & below the Aver.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
In No. of Early Marriages.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
In No. of Early Marriages.
Among Males.
Among Females.
Among Males.
Among Females.
Norfolk............
denotes
plus.
56
denotes
plus.
16
denotes
plus.
81
Cumberland........
denotes
plus.
61
denotes
minus.
23
denotes
minus.
22
Nottingham ......
denotes
plus.
35
denotes
plus.
40
denotes
plus.
17
Hereford ..........
denotes
plus.
49
denotes
minus.
60
denotes
minus.
41
Suffolk ............
denotes
plus.
26
denotes
plus.
21
denotes
plus.
21
Salop ..............
denotes
plus.
47
denotes
minus.
33
denotes
minus.
30
Derby ............
denotes
plus.
20
denotes
plus.
7
denotes
plus.
2
Westmorland ......
denotes
plus.
29
denotes
minus.
25
denotes
minus.
5
Chester ............
denotes
plus.
32
denotes
plus.
25
denotes
plus.
12
North Wales ......
denotes
plus.
16
denotes
minus.
37
denotes
minus.
43
Leicester ..........
denotes
plus.
17
denotes
plus.
84
denotes
plus.
33
Northumberland ..
denotes
plus.
8
denotes
minus.
9
denotes
minus.
81
Berks ..............
denotes
plus.
17
denotes
plus.
12
denotes
plus.
6
South Wales ......
denotes
plus.
7
denotes
minus.
30
denotes
minus.
39
Lancaster ..........
denotes
plus.
14
denotes
plus.
16
denotes
plus.
3
*** In the majority of these counties some peculiar form of courtship (as "night courtship" and "bundling") prevails.
Bedford ..........
denotes
plus.
14
denotes
plus.
153
denotes
plus.
74
Oxford ............
denotes
plus.
13
denotes
plus.
7
denotes
plus.
12
Hertford ..........
denotes
plus.
7
denotes
plus.
74
denotes
plus.
56
York...............
denotes
plus.
6
denotes
plus.
33
denotes
plus.
39
Bucks ............
denotes
plus.
4
denotes
plus.
72
denotes
plus.
44
Stafford............
denotes
plus.
3
denotes
plus.
44
denotes
plus.
30
Wilts...............
denotes
plus.
3
denotes
plus.
58
denotes
plus.
21
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children and Early Marriages are both below the Average.
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children are below the Average, and the Early Marriages above it.
Middlesex..........
denotes
minus.
40
denotes
minus.
58
denotes
minus.
37
Hunts..............
denotes
minus.
28
denotes
plus.
130
denotes
plus.
149
Surrey ............
denotes
minus.
34
denotes
minus.
63
denotes
minus.
25
Northampton ......
denotes
minus.
10
denotes
plus.
65
denotes
plus.
41
Cornwall ..........
denotes
minus.
29
denotes
minus.
25
denotes
minus.
3
Essex ..............
denotes
minus.
10
denotes
plus.
33
denotes
plus.
50
Monmouth ........
denotes
minus.
26
denotes
minus.
35
denotes
minus.
22
Worcester..........
denotes
minus.
1
denotes
plus.
30
denotes
plus.
12
Devon ............
denotes
minus.
25
denotes
minus.
49
denotes
minus.
39
Cambridge ........
denotes
minus.
1
denotes
plus.
70
denotes
plus.
68
Rutland ..........
denotes
minus.
16
denotes
minus.
16
denotes
minus.
5
Southampton......
denotes
minus.
10
denotes
minus.
42
denotes
minus.
13
Gloucester ........
denotes
minus.
4
denotes
minus.
2
denotes
minus.
23
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children and Early Marriages among Males are both below the Average, and those among Females above it.
Counties in which the Illegitimate Children and the Early Marriages among Females are both below the Average, and those among Males above it.
Kent .............
denotes
minus.
19
denotes
minus.
40
denotes
plus.
4
Warwick ..........
denotes
minus.
16
denotes
plus.
7
denotes
minus.
3
Durham ..........
denotes
minus.
10
denotes
minus.
19
denotes
plus.
5
Somerset ..........
denotes
minus.
6
denotes
plus.
9
denotes
minus.
17
Lincoln............
denotes
minus.
1
denotes
minus.
9
denotes
plus.
13
Dorset ............
denotes
minus.
1
denotes
plus.
9
denotes
minus.
7
Exceptional County.
Sussex ............
denotes
plus.
1
denotes
minus.
12
denotes
plus.
19
*** The rule appears to be, that in those counties in which there are the greatest number of Early Marriages, there are (
generally
) the greatest number of Illegitimate Children, and
vice versâ.


Map no. vi.
Map
Showing the Number of Females to Every
100
Males in Each of the Counties of England & Wales
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the proportion of Females to Males is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the proportion of Females to Males is
below
the Average.
The Average for all England and Wales is
105
Females to every
100
Males.
table SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF FEMALES TO MALES IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
COUNTIES.
1851
.
Number of Females to every
100
Males.
Proportion per Cent. above and below the Average. † denotes above. * below.
Male Population.
Female Population.
Bedford . .
62,420
67,369
108
†
2
.
9
Berks . .
99,227
99,927
101
*
3
.
8
Bucks . .
70,784
72,886
103
*
1
.
9
Cambridge .
95,505
96,351
101
*
3
.
8
Chester . .
206,715
216,723
105
Cornwall . .
171,979
184,683
107
†
1
.
9
Cumberland .
96,106
99,381
103
*
1
.
9
Derby . .
129,379
131,328
101
*
3
.
8
Devon . .
271,579
300,628
111
†
5
.
7
Dorset . .
85,816
91,781
107
†
1
.
9
Durham . .
206,666
204,866
99
*
5
.
7
Essex . .
172,161
171,755
100
*
4
.
3
Gloucester .
198,122
221,353
112
†
6
.
7
Hereford . .
49,694
49,418
99
*
5
.
7
Hertford . .
86,331
87,632
102
*
2
.
9
Hunts . .
29,984
30,336
101
*
3
.
8
Kent . . .
308,115
311,092
101
*
3
.
8
Lancaster . .
1,005,627
1,058,286
105
Leicester . .
115,295
119,643
104
*
1
.
0
Lincoln . .
201,027
199,239
99
*
5
.
7
Middlesex . .
885,614
1,010,096
114
†
8
.
6
Monmouth .
92,095
85,070
92
*
12
.
4
Norfolk . .
210,360
223,443
106
†
1
.
0
Northampton .
106,533
107,251
101
*
3
.
8
Northumberland
149,158
154,377
103
*
1
.
9
Nottingham .
144,428
150,010
104
*
1
.
0
Oxford . .
85,449
84,837
99
*
5
.
7
Rutland . .
12,270
12,002
98
*
6
.
7
Salop .
122,022
122,997
101
*
3
.
8
Somerset .
216,716
239,521
111
†
5
.
7
Southamp on .
199,834
202,199
101
*
3
.
8
Stafford . .
320,394
310,112
97
*
7
.
6
Suffolk .
165,267
170,724
103
*
1
.
9
Surrey . .
325,155
359,650
111
†
5
.
7
Sussex . .
166,828
172,600
103
*
1
.
9
Warwick . .
235,263
244,716
104
*
1
.
0
Westmorland .
29,064
29,316
101
*
3
.
8
Wilts . . .
113,839
122,164
103
*
1
.
9
Worcester . .
126,739
132,023
104
*
1
.
0
York . . .
886,845
901,922
102
*
2
.
9
North Wales .
200,538
203,622
102
*
2
.
9
South Wales .
300,645
306,851
102
*
2
.
9
TOTAL FOR ENGLAND AND WALES . .
8,762,588
9,160,180
105
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR PROPORTION OF FEMALE TO MALE POPULATION, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF FEMALES TO EVERY
100
MALES.
COUNTIES ABOVE THE AVERAGE.
COUNTIES BELOW THE AVERAGE.
Middlesex......
114
Chester ........
105
Gloucester ....
112
Lancaster ......
105
Devon ........
111
Leicester ......
104
Somerset ......
111
Nottingham ....
104
Surrey ........
111
Warwick ......
104
Bedford........
108
Worcester......
104
Cornwall ......
107
Bucks..........
103
Dorset ........
107
Cumberland ..
103
Norfolk........
106
Northumb. ....
103
Suffolk ........
103
Sussex ........
103
Wilts ..........
103
Hertford ......
102
York ..........
102
North Wales ..
102
South Wales ..
102
Berks ..........
101
Cambridge ....
101
Derby ........
101
Hunts..........
101
Kent ..........
101
Northampton ..
101
Salop ..........
101
Southampton ..
101
Westmorland ..
101
Essex ..........
100
Durham ......
99
Hereford ......
99
Lincoln ......
99
Oxford ........
99
----
Rutland ......
98
Average for England & Wales
105
Stafford........
97
Monmouth ....
92
THE EXCESS OF FEMALES AND ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS COMPARED.
Counties in which the Number of Females and Illegitimate Births are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above and * below.
Counties in which the Number of Females is above and of the Illegitimate Births is below the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above and * below.
In No. of Females to Males.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
In No. of Females to Males.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
Bedford ....
†
3
†
14
Middlesex ....
†
8
*
40
Norfolk ....
†
1
†
56
Gloucester ..
†
6
*
4
Devon ......
†
5
*
25
Surrey ......
†
5
*
34
Somerset ....
†
5
*
6
Cornwall ....
†
2
*
29
Dorset ......
†
1
*
1
Counties in which the Number of Females and Illegitimate Births are both below the Average.
Counties in which the Number of Females is below the Average and the Illegitimate Births above it.
Monmouth ..
*
12
*
26
Stafford ....
*
7
†
3
Rutland ....
*
6
*
16
Oxford ......
*
5
†
13
Lincoln ....
*
5
*
1
Hereford ....
*
5
†
49
Durham ....
*
5
*
10
Westmorland
*
3
†
29
Essex ......
*
4
*
10
Salop ........
*
3
†
47
Hunts ......
*
3
*
28
Derby ......
*
3
†
20
Northampton
*
3
*
10
Berks ......
*
3
†
17
Kent ........
*
3
*
19
York ........
*
2
†
6
Cambridge ..
*
3
*
1
Hertford ....
*
2
†
7
Southampton
*
3
*
10
South Wales
*
2
†
7
Warwick ...
*
1
*
16
North Wales
*
2
†
6
Worcester....
*
1
*
1
Northumb. ..
*
1
†
8
Cumberland
*
1
†
61
Wilts ......
*
1
†
3
Suffolk ......
*
1
†
26
Bucks ......
*
1
†
4
Nottingham..
*
1
†
35
Leicester ....
*
1
†
17
Sussex ......
*
1
†
1
Lancaster ....
..
†
14
Chester ......
..
†
32
*** The rule appears to be, that in those counties in which the number of females, in proportion to the males, is the
smallest
, the number of illegitimate births is the
greatest
, and where it is the
greatest
, the illegitimate births are the
smallest.


Map no. Vii.
Map
Showing the Number of Persons Committed For Rape in Every
10,000,000
of the Population, in the Several Counties of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number committed for Rape is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number committed for Rape is
below
the Average. The Average has been calculated for the
ten
years from
841
to
1850
.
The Average for all England and Wales is
68
in every
10,000,000
People.
Monmouth (the highest)
171
" "
Nottingham (the lowest)
28
" "
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES WITH REGARD TO RAPE.
COUNTIES.
Average Population from
1841
-
50
.
Total Number Committed for Rape.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed annually for Rape in every
10,000,000
Persons.
Proportion per Cent above and below the Aver. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
1849
.
1850
.
Bedford . . .
121,083
2
2
...
...
1
...
...
1
1
1
8
.
8
66
*
2
.
9
Berks . . .
194,763
1
1
1
3
...
...
...
3
1
2
12
1
.
2
62
*
8
.
8
Bucks . . .
140,959
1
1
2
7
2
...
2
...
5
2
22
2
.
2
156
†
129
.
4
Cambridge . .
180,747
1
...
...
...
1
2
2
1
1
2
10
1
.
0
55
*
19
.
1
Chester . . .
395,919
1
9
7
6
...
7
1
11
2
6
50
5
.
0
126
†
85
.
3
Cornwall . .
349,991
7
1
1
2
1
3
...
5
2
2
24
2
.
4
68
Cumberland . .
186,762
...
...
...
3
...
2
...
...
2
...
7
.
7
37
*
45
.
6
Derby . . .
250,249
...
...
5
2
...
2
1
...
1
1
12
1
.
2
48
*
29
.
4
Devon . . .
554,738
1
1
5
1
1
5
4
4
...
5
27
2
.
7
49
*
27
.
9
Dorset . . .
172,736
...
1
3
...
2
...
1
1
...
1
9
.
9
52
*
23
.
5
Durham . . .
368,787
2
2
8
5
1
9
7
4
5
4
47
4
.
7
127
†
86
.
8
Essex . . .
332,363
2
10
2
12
1
4
2
4
2
2
42
4
.
2
126
†
85
.
3
Gloucester . .
407,504
...
1
2
7
2
2
2
1
4
7
28
2
.
8
69
†
1
.
5
Hereford . .
97,813
...
...
...
...
1
1
2
...
1
...
5
.
5
51
*
25
.
0
Hertford . .
168,178
...
6
...
5
2
3
1
4
2
1
24
2
.
4
143
†
110
.
3
Hunts . . .
57,942
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
3
.
3
52
*
23
.
5
Kent . . .
585,249
1
10
7
8
1
1
1
1
2
3
35
3
.
5
60
*
11
.
8
Lancaster . .
1,881,261
8
8
11
12
10
8
12
12
4
9
94
9
.
4
50
*
26
.
5
Leicester . .
227,621
1
3
2
2
...
2
1
...
4
1
16
1
.
6
70
†
2
.
9
Lincoln . . .
378,246
...
1
2
1
...
...
3
4
...
2
13
1
.
3
34
*
50
.
0
Middlesex . .
1,740,814
9
13
11
8
12
12
15
15
11
9
115
11
.
5
66
*
2
.
9
Monmouth . .
164,093
3
2
2
5
4
6
1
...
1
5
29
2
.
9
177
†
145
.
6
Norfolk . . .
419,463
2
1
4
3
2
7
2
4
5
9
39
3
.
9
93
†
36
.
8
Northampton . .
206,496
3
...
1
2
3
...
...
1
2
4
15
1
.
5
73
†
7
.
4
Northumberland .
284,777
1
...
6
3
...
1
2
...
3
...
16
1
.
6
56
*
17
.
6
Nottingham . .
282,584
...
1
2
1
...
1
...
1
1
1
8
.
8
28
*
58
.
8
Oxford . . .
166,751
1
...
2
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
15
1
.
5
90
†
32
.
4
Rutland . . .
23,711
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
2
.
2
84
†
23
.
5
Salop . . .
243,352
...
2
2
2
1
1
2
...
...
5
15
1
.
5
62
*
8
.
8
Somerset . .
452,515
2
...
3
6
...
4
3
3
2
3
26
2
.
6
57
*
16
.
2
Southampton . .
377,040
4
1
4
4
2
1
3
4
5
1
29
2
.
9
77
†
13
.
2
Stafford . . .
579,686
6
4
8
4
5
10
8
6
17
13
81
8
.
1
140
†
105
.
9
Suffolk . . .
325,336
1
3
2
...
2
3
2
2
3
2
20
2
.
0
61
*
10
.
3
Surrey . . .
635,917
...
1
6
1
7
3
4
5
4
4
35
3
.
5
55
*
19
.
1
Sussex . . .
320,944
5
4
2
...
3
2
...
...
1
...
17
1
.
7
53
*
22
.
1
Warwick . .
444,558
...
5
1
4
...
...
1
2
3
3
19
1
.
9
43
*
36
.
8
Westmorland . .
57,494
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
...
...
4
.
4
70
†
2
.
9
Wilts . . .
241,887
3
6
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
23
2
.
3
95
†
39
.
7
Worcester . .
244,574
1
1
4
2
1
8
1
...
3
3
24
2
.
4
98
†
44
.
1
York . . .
1,686,461
5
12
3
2
12
17
7
14
15
15
102
10
.
2
60
*
11
.
8
North Wales . .
396,161
3
2
...
...
2
...
1
2
...
2
12
1
.
2
30
*
55
.
9
South Wales . .
568,430
...
3
3
1
1
3
1
3
3
2
20
2
.
0
35
*
48
.
5
Total for England and Wales .
16,918,458
78
118
127
127
86
139
97
124
121
137
1154
115
.
4
68
*** The proportionate number of persons perpetrating this crime has been calculated with reference to the
entire
population, instead of the
male part of it only
, as at the
first
glance might seem necessary, males only being capable of committing the above offence. But it was found, on examination, that the intensity of the criminality in the several counties in this respect was influenced by the relative number of females. Monmouth contains the greatest number of males in proportion to females; so that, were the male population alone considered, the criminality of that county in the above respect would be considerably decreased. But the fact of there being more rapes in Monmouth than elsewhere would appear to be owing to the very excess of males over females in that county; the average, therefore, has been calculated from the entire population.
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO RAPE, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
10,000,000
OF THE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Monmouth
177
Cornwall ..
68
Bucks......
156
Bedford ....
66
Hertford ...
143
Middlesex..
66
Stafford ....
140
Berks ......
62
Durham ..
127
Salop ......
62
Chester ....
126
Suffolk ....
61
Essex ......
126
Kent ......
60
Worcester..
98
York ......
60
Wilts ......
95
Somerset ..
57
Norfolk....
93
Northumb.
56
Oxford ....
90
Cambridge .
55
Rutland....
84
Surrey ....
55
Southamp.
77
Sussex ....
53
Northamp.
73
Dorset ....
52
Leicester ..
70
Hunts......
52
Westmor...
70
Hereford ..
51
Gloucester
69
Lancaster ..
50
Devon ....
49
Derby......
48
Warwick ..
43
Cumberland
37
----
S. Wales ...
35
Average for England and Wales
68
Lincoln ....
34
N. Wales ..
30
Nottingham
28
THE CRIME OF RAPE COMPARED WITH THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN IN EACH COUNTY.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Illegitimate Births are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes is above and the Number of Illegitimate Births below the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In Number of Rapes.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
In Number of Rapes.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
Bucks ......
†
129
.
4
†
4
.
4
Monmouth ..
†
145
.
6
*
26
.
8
Hertford ....
†
110
.
3
†
7
.
4
Durham ....
†
86
.
8
*
10
.
4
Stafford ....
†
105
.
9
†
3
.
0
Essex........
†
85
.
3
*
10
.
4
Chester ......
†
85
.
3
†
32
.
8
Worcester....
†
44
.
1
*
1
.
5
Wilts ........
†
39
.
7
†
3
.
0
Rutland ....
†
23
.
5
*
16
.
4
Norfolk ....
†
36
.
8
†
56
.
7
Southampton
†
13
.
2
*
10
.
4
Oxford ......
†
32
.
4
†
13
.
4
Northampton
†
7
.
4
*
10
.
4
Leicester ....
†
2
.
9
†
17
.
9
Gloucester ..
†
1
.
5
*
4
.
5
Westmorland
†
2
.
9
†
29
.
8
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Illegitimate Births are both below the Average.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes is below and the Number of Illegitimate Births above the Average.
Lincoln......
*
50
.
0
*
1
.
5
Nottingham
*
58
.
8
†
35
.
8
Warwick ....
*
36
.
8
*
16
.
4
North Wales
*
55
.
9
†
16
.
4
Devon ......
*
27
.
9
*
25
.
3
South Wales
*
48
.
5
†
7
.
4
Hunts ......
*
23
.
5
*
28
.
3
Cumberland
*
45
.
6
†
61
.
2
Dorset ......
*
23
.
5
*
1
.
5
Derby ......
*
29
.
4
†
20
.
9
Surrey ......
*
19
.
1
*
34
.
3
Lancaster ..
*
26
.
5
†
14
.
9
Cambridge ..
*
19
.
1
*
1
.
5
Hereford ....
*
25
.
0
†
49
.
2
Somerset ....
*
16
.
2
*
6
.
0
Sussex ......
*
22
.
1
†
1
.
5
Kent ........
*
11
.
8
*
19
.
4
Northumb...
*
17
.
6
†
8
.
9
Middlesex ..
*
2
.
9
*
40
.
3
York ........
*
11
.
8
†
6
.
0
Cornwall ....
*
*
29
.
8
Suffolk ......
*
10
.
3
†
26
.
8
Salop ........
*
8
.
8
†
47
.
7
Berks........
*
8
.
8
†
17
.
9
Bedford ....
*
2
.
9
†
14
.
9
*** The rule appears to be, that the crime of Rape is (in the majority of cases) the
least
where the number of Illegitimate Children is the
greatest.
THE CRIME OF RAPE COMPARED WITH THE RELATIVE NUMBER OF FEMALES TO MALES IN EACH COUNTY.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Females are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes is above and the Number of Females below the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In Number of Rapes.
In No. of Females to Males.
In Number of Rapes.
In No. of Females to Males.
Norfolk ....
†
36
.
8
†
1
.
0
Monmouth ..
†
145
.
6
*
12
.
4
Gloucester ..
†
1
.
5
†
6
.
7
Bucks ......
†
129
.
4
*
1
.
9
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Females are both below the Average.
Hertford ....
†
110
.
3
*
2
.
9
Stafford ....
†
105
.
9
*
7
.
6
Durham ....
†
86
.
8
*
5
.
7
Chester ......
†
85
.
3
*
Nottingham
*
58
.
8
*
1
.
0
Essex ......
†
85
.
3
*
4
.
8
North Wales
*
55
.
9
*
2
.
9
Worcester ..
†
44
.
1
*
1
.
0
Lincoln......
*
50
.
0
*
5
.
7
Wilts ........
†
39
.
7
*
1
.
9
South Wales
*
48
.
5
*
2
.
9
Oxford ......
†
32
.
4
*
5
.
7
Cumberland
*
45
.
6
*
1
.
9
Rutland ....
†
23
.
5
*
6
.
7
Warwick ....
*
36
.
8
*
1
.
0
Southampton
†
13
.
2
*
3
.
8
Derby ......
*
29
.
4
*
3
.
3
Northampton
†
7
.
4
*
3
.
8
Lancaster....
*
26
.
5
*
Leicester ....
†
2
.
9
*
1
.
0
Hereford ....
*
25
.
0
*
5
.
7
Westmorland
†
2
.
9
*
3
.
8
Hunts ......
*
23
.
5
*
3
.
8
Counties in which the Number of Rapes is below and the Number of Females above the Average.
Sussex ......
*
22
.
1
*
1
.
9
Cambridge ..
*
19
.
1
*
3
.
8
Northumb...
*
17
.
6
*
1
.
9
York ........
*
11
.
8
*
2
.
9
Devon ......
*
27
.
9
†
5
.
7
Kent ......
*
11
.
8
*
3
.
8
Dorset ......
*
23
.
5
†
1
.
9
Suffolk ......
*
10
.
3
*
1
.
9
Surrey ......
*
19
.
1
†
5
.
7
Salop ......
*
8
.
8
*
3
.
8
Somerset ....
*
16
.
2
†
5
.
7
Berks ......
*
8
.
8
*
3
.
8
Middlesex ..
*
2
.
9
†
8
.
6
Bedford ....
*
2
.
9
†
2
.
9
Cornwall ....
*
†
1
.
9
*** The rule appears to be, that the number of Rapes is the
greatest
in those counties where the number of Females is the
least


Map no. Viii.
Map
Showing the Number of Persons Committed For Carnally abusing Girls Between the age of
Ten
and
Twelve
Years in Every
10,000,000
of the Population, in the Several Counties of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number committed for this offence is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number committed for the same offence is
below
the Average. The Average has been calculated for the
ten
years from
1841
to
1850
.
The Average for all England and Wales is
3
in every
10,000,000
People. Westmoreland (the highest)
17
" "
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES WITH REGARD TO CARNALLY ABUSING GIRLS BETWEEN THE AGE OF
10
AND
12
YEARS.
COUNTIES.
Average Population from
1841
-
50
.
Total number committed for carnally abusing girls between the age of
10
and
12
years.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed annually in every
10,000,000
Persons.
Proportion per Cent. above and below the Aver. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
1849
.
1850
.
Bedford . . .
121,083
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
†
100
.
0
Berks . . .
194,763
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
5
†
66
.
7
Bucks . . .
140,959
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
2
.
2
14
†
366
.
7
Cambridge . .
180,747
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
6
†
100
.
0
Chester . .
395,919
...
...
...
2
...
1
...
...
...
...
3
.
3
8
†
166
.
7
Cornwall . .
349,991
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
3
Cumberland . .
186,762
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
†
100
.
0
Derby . . .
250,249
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
†
100
.
0
Devon . . .
554,738
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Dorset . . .
172,736
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Durham . .
368,787
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Essex . . .
332,363
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
3
Gloucester . .
407,504
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
2
.
2
5
†
66
.
7
Hereford . .
97,813
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Hertford . .
168,178
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
6
†
100
.
0
Hunts . . .
57,942
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Kent . . .
585,249
...
...
2
1
1
...
1
3
...
...
8
.
8
14
†
366
.
7
Lancaster . .
1,881,261
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
2
...
4
.
4
2
*
33
.
3
Leicester . .
227,621
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
.
1
4
†
33
.
3
Lincoln . .
378,246
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
.
1
3
Middlesex . .
1,740,814
...
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
2
...
14
1
.
4
8
†
166
.
7
Monmouth . .
164,093
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Norfolk . .
419,463
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Northampton . .
206,496
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
.
1
5
†
66
.
7
Northumberland .
284,777
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Nottingham . .
282,584
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Oxford . . .
166,751
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Rutland . .
23,711
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Salop . . .
243,352
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Somerset . .
452,515
1
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
3
.
3
7
†
133
.
3
Southampton . .
377,040
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
.
1
3
Stafford . . .
579,686
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Suffolk . . .
325,336
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Surrey . . .
635,917
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
3
.
3
5
†
66
.
7
Sussex . . .
320,944
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Warwick . .
444,558
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Westmorland . .
57,494
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
17
†
466
.
7
Wilts . . .
241,887
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
4
†
33
.
3
Worcester . .
244,574
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
2
...
...
4
.
4
16
†
433
.
3
York . . .
1,686,461
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
.
2
1
*
66
.
7
North Wales . .
396,161
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
South Wales . .
568,430
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Total for England and Wales .
16,918,458
4
2
7
8
6
5
5
9
8
2
56
5
.
6
3
*** The proportionate number of persons perpetrating the above crime has been calculated with reference to the
entire
population, instead of the
male part of it only
, as at the
first
glance might seem necessary, males only being capable of committing the above offence. But it was found, on examination, that the intensity of the criminality in the several counties in this respect was influenced by the relative number of females (see comparative table below); the average, therefore, has been calculated from the entire population.
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO CARNALLY ABUSING GIRLS BETWEEN THE AGE OF
10
AND
12
YEARS, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
10,000,000
OF THE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Westmor.
17
Cornwall..
3
Worcester
16
Essex ....
3
Kent ......
14
Lincoln ..
3
Bucks ....
14
Southamp.
3
Middlesex
8
Lancaster..
2
Chester....
8
York ....
1
Somerset ..
7
Bedford
Cambridge
6
Cumberland
Hertford ..
6
Derby
Surrey ....
5
Devon
Gloucester
5
Dorset
Berks ....
5
Durham
Northamp.
5
Hereford
Leicester ..
4
Hunts
Wilts ....
4
Monmouth
--
Norfolk
Northumb.
Nottingham
Oxford
Rutland
Salop
Stafford
Suffolk
Sussex
Average for England and Wales
3
Warwick
N. Wales
S. Wales
THE CRIME OF RAPE COMPARED WITH THAT OF CARNALLY ABUSING CHILDREN IN EACH COUNTY.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes and the Number of Cases of Carnal Abuse are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Number of Rapes is above and the Number of Cases of Carnal Abuse is below the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In Number of Rapes.
In No. of Cases of Carnal Abuse.
In Number of Rapes.
In No. of Cases of Carnal Abuse.
Bucks........
†
129
.
4
†
366
.
7
Monmouth ..
†
145
.
6
*
100
.
0
Hertford ....
†
110
.
3
†
100
.
0
Stafford ......
†
105
.
9
*
100
.
0
Chester ......
†
85
.
3
†
166
.
7
Durham ....
†
86
.
8
*
100
.
0
Worcester ....
†
44
.
1
†
433
.
3
Essex ........
†
85
.
3
*
Wilts ........
†
39
.
7
†
33
.
3
Norfolk ......
†
36
.
8
*
100
.
0
Northampton
†
7
.
4
†
66
.
7
Oxford. ......
†
32
.
4
*
100
.
0
Leicester ...
†
2
.
9
†
33
.
3
Rutland .....
†
23
.
5
*
100
.
0
Westmorland
†
2
.
9
†
466
.
6
Southampton
†
13
.
2
*
Gloucester ...
†
1
.
5
†
66
.
7
Counties in which the No. of Rapes and the No. of Cases of Carnal Abuse are both below the Aver.
Counties in which the No. of Rapes is below and the No. of Cases of Carnal Abuses above the Aver.
Nottingham .
*
58
.
8
*
100
.
0
Surrey ......
*
19
.
1
†
66
.
7
North Wales .
*
55
.
9
*
100
.
0
Cambridge ..
*
19
.
1
†
100
.
0
Lincoln ......
*
59
.
0
*
Somerset ....
*
16
.
2
†
133
.
3
South Wales .
*
48
.
5
*
100
.
0
Kent ........
*
11
.
8
†
366
.
7
Cumberland .
*
45
.
6
*
100
.
0
Berks ........
*
8
.
8
†
66
.
7
Warwick ....
*
36
.
8
*
100
.
0
Middlesex....
*
2
.
9
†
166
.
7
Derby ......
*
29
.
4
*
100
.
0
*** The rule appears to be, that where the Number of Rapes is the
greatest
, the Number of Cases of Carnally Abusing Children is (generally speaking) the greatest also; and
vice versâ
, where the Rapes are the
least
, the carnal abuse of Children is the
least
likewise.
Devon ......
*
27
.
9
*
100
.
0
Lancaster ....
*
26
.
5
*
33
.
3
Hereford......
*
25
.
0
*
100
.
0
Hunts........
*
23
.
5
*
100
.
0
Dorset .......
*
23
.
5
*
100
.
0
Sussex .......
*
22
.
1
*
100
.
0
Northumb. ..
*
17
.
6
*
100
.
0
York ........
*
11
.
8
*
66
.
7
Suffolk ......
*
10
.
3
*
100
.
0
Salop ........
*
8
.
8
*
100
.
0
Bedford......
*
2
.
9
*
100
.
0
Cornwall.....
*
*
THE CRIME OF CARNALLY ABUSING CHILDREN COMPARED WITH THE NUMBER OF FEMALES TO MALES IN EACH COUNTY.
Counties in which the Carnal Abuse of Children and the Number of Females to Males are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Carnal Abuse of Children is above, and the Number of Females to Males below the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In No. of Cases of Carnal Abuse.
In No. of Females to Males.
In No. of Cases of Carnal Abuse.
In No. of Females to Males.
Middlesex....
†
166
.
7
†
8
.
6
Westmorland
†
466
.
6
*
3
.
8
Somerset ....
†
133
.
3
†
5
.
7
Worcester ....
†
433
.
3
*
1
.
0
Gloucester ..
†
66
.
7
†
6
.
7
Bucks ......
†
366
.
7
*
1
.
9
Surrey ......
†
66
.
7
†
5
.
7
Kent ........
†
366
.
7
*
3
.
8
Counties in which the Carnal Abuse of Children and the No. of Females to Males are both below the Average.
Chester ......
†
166
.
7
*
Cambridge ..
†
100
.
0
*
3
.
8
Hertford ....
†
100
.
0
*
2
.
9
Berks ........
†
66
.
7
*
3
.
8
South Wales .
*
100
.
0
*
2
.
9
Northampton
†
66
.
7
*
3
.
8
North Wales .
*
100
.
0
*
2
.
9
Leicester ....
†
33
.
3
*
1
.
0
Warwick ....
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
0
Wilts.........
†
33
.
3
*
1
.
9
Sussex ......
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
9
Counties in which the Carnal Abuse of Children is below and the No. of Females to Males above the Average.
Suffolk ......
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
9
Stafford .....
*
100
.
0
*
7
.
6
Salop ........
*
100
.
0
*
3
.
8
Rutland .....
*
100
.
0
*
6
.
7
Norfolk......
*
100
.
0
†
1
.
0
Oxford ......
*
100
.
0
*
5
.
7
Dorset ......
*
100
.
0
†
1
.
9
Nottingham .
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
0
Devon ......
*
100
.
0
†
5
.
7
Northumb. ..
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
9
Bedford ....
*
100
.
0
†
2
.
9
Monmouth ..
*
100
.
0
*
12
.
4
Cornwall ....
*
†
1
.
9
Hunts .......
*
100
.
0
*
3
.
8
*** The rule appears to be, that the crime of Carnally Abusing is (generally speaking) the
greatest
in those Counties where the number of Females is the
least.
Hereford ....
*
100
.
0
*
5
.
7
Durham ....
*
100
.
0
*
5
.
7
Derby ......
*
100
.
0
*
3
.
8
Cumberland .
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
9
York..........
*
66
.
7
*
2
.
9
Lancaster ....
*
33
.
3
*
Southampton
*
*
3
.
8
Lincoln ......
*
*
5
.
7
Essex ........
*
*
4
.
8


Map no. ix.
Map
Showing the Number of Persons Committed For Keeping Disorderly Houses in Every
10,000,000
of the Population, in the Several Counties of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number of persons committed for keeping disorderly houses is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of persons committed for keeping disorderly houses is
below
the Average. The Average is calculated for
10
years. The counties having no number affixed to them are those in which there have been no committals for the above offence during the last
10
years.
The Average for
England and Wales is
79
in every
10,000,000
of the Population.
"
Middlesex (the highest) is
296
" "
table SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS COMMITTED FOR KEEPING DISORDERLY HOUSES IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES FOR THE UNDERMENTIONED YEARS.
COUNTIES.
Average Population from
1841
-
50
.
Number Committed for keeping Disorderly Houses.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed annually in every
10,000,000
of the Population.
Proportion per Cent above and below the Aver. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
1849
.
1850
.
Bedford . . .
121,083
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Berks . . .
194,763
4
4
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.
9
46
*
41
.
8
Bucks . . .
140,959
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
9
...
...
*
100
.
0
Cambridge . .
180,747
...
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
...
...
4
.
4
22
*
72
.
2
Chester . . .
395,919
4
12
3
4
2
1
1
1
2
3
33
3
.
3
83
†
5
.
1
Cornwall . .
349,991
4
3
7
1
2
6
5
4
4
2
38
3
.
8
109
†
38
.
0
Cumberland . .
186,762
7
1
1
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
11
1
.
1
59
*
25
.
3
Derby . . .
250,249
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
.
2
8
*
89
.
9
Devon . . .
554,738
2
3
1
...
...
...
4
4
1
1
16
1
.
6
29
*
63
.
3
Dorset . . .
172,736
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
5
.
5
29
*
63
.
3
Durham . . .
368,787
...
3
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
14
19
1
.
9
52
*
34
.
2
Essex . . .
332,363
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
.
2
6
*
92
.
4
Gloucester . .
407,504
5
9
1
5
2
...
1
...
1
...
24
2
.
4
59
*
25
.
3
Hereford . .
97,813
3
...
2
2
...
...
1
2
...
...
10
1
.
0
102
†
29
.
1
Herford . .
168,178
...
...
...
...
4
...
...
...
...
...
4
.
4
24
*
69
.
6
Hunts . . .
57,942
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
1
1
4
.
4
70
*
11
.
4
Kent . . .
585,249
...
1
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
3
.
3
5
*
93
.
7
Lancaster . .
1,881,261
85
55
45
27
24
16
14
32
42
4
344
34
.
4
183
†
131
.
6
Leicester . .
227,621
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
1
...
3
.
3
13
*
83
.
5
Lincoln . . .
378,246
1
3
2
2
...
7
1
7
3
...
26
2
.
6
69
*
12
.
7
Middlesex . .
1,740,814
36
67
31
114
37
31
51
42
79
27
515
51
.
5
296
†
274
.
7
Monmouth . .
164,093
...
...
...
2
1
1
2
...
...
...
6
.
6
37
*
53
.
2
Norfolk . . .
419,463
...
...
...
2
...
...
...
...
1
1
4
.
4
10
*
87
.
3
Northampton . .
206,496
8
5
2
...
...
...
...
1
1
1
18
1
.
8
87
†
10
.
1
Northumberland .
284,777
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
13
15
1
.
5
53
*
32
.
9
Nottingham . .
282,584
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Oxford . . .
166,751
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
2
.
2
12
*
84
.
8
Rutland . . .
23,711
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Salop . . .
243,352
2
1
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
.
5
21
*
73
.
4
Somerset . .
452,515
7
...
1
5
2
1
...
...
1
1
18
1
.
8
40
*
49
.
4
Southampton . .
377,040
...
...
...
1
2
...
1
...
...
8
12
1
.
2
32
*
59
.
5
Stafford . . .
579,686
1
2
...
...
2
...
1
4
5
2
17
1
.
7
29
*
63
.
3
Suffolk . . .
325,336
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
.
1
3
*
96
.
2
Surrey . . .
635,917
...
1
15
3
2
3
...
...
...
...
24
2
.
4
38
*
51
.
9
Sussex . . .
320,944
2
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
.
3
9
*
88
.
6
Warwick . .
444,558
2
6
...
1
...
2
4
...
...
...
15
1
.
5
34
*
57
.
0
Westmorland . .
57,494
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
...
...
2
.
2
35
*
55
.
7
Wilts . . .
241,887
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
1
...
5
8
.
8
33
*
58
.
2
Worcester . .
244,574
1
3
11
...
...
2
4
1
2
2
26
2
.
6
106
†
34
.
2
York . . .
1,686,461
21
3
21
11
5
3
4
7
4
6
85
8
.
5
50
*
36
.
7
North Wales . .
396,161
...
...
...
1
1
...
...
...
...
...
2
.
2
5
*
93
.
7
South Wales . .
568,430
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Total for England and Wales .
16,918,458
198
186
145
187
86
84
99
190
148
93
1335
133
.
5
79
LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR BROTHELS, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF PERSONS COMMITTED FOR KEEPING DISORDERLY HOUSES IN EVERY
10,000,000
OF THE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Middlesex ........
296
Hunts ..............
70
Lancaster..........
183
Lincoln ............
69
Cornwall ..........
109
Gloucester ..........
59
Worcester ........
106
Cumberland ........
59
Hereford ..........
102
Northumberland....
53
Northampton......
87
Durham ............
52
Chester............
83
York ..............
50
Berks ............
46
Somerset ..........
40
Surrey..............
38
Monmouth ........
37
Westmorland ......
35
Warwick ..........
34
Wilts ..............
33
Southampton ......
32
Devon ..............
29
Dorset ............
29
Stafford ............
29
Hertford............
24
Cambridge..........
22
Salop ..............
21
Leicester............
13
Oxford ............
12
Norfolk ............
10
Sussex ..............
9
Derby ..............
8
Essex ..............
6
Kent ..............
5
North Wales ........
5
Suffolk ............
3
Bedford ............
0
Bucks ..............
0
----
Nottingham ........
0
Average for England and Wales ........
79
Rutland ............
0
South Wales........
0
THE NUMBER OF DISORDERLY HOUSES COMPARED WITH THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS IN EACH COUNTY.
Counties in which the Number of Disorderly Houses and the Number of Illegitimate Children are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Number of Disorderly Houses is above and the Number of Illegitimate Children below the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In No. of Disorderly Houses.
In No. of Illegitimate Children.
In No. of Disorderly Houses.
In No. of Illegitimate Children.
Lancaster . . . . . .
†
131
.
†
14
Middlesex . . . . . .
†
274
.
*
40
Hereford . . . . . . .
†
29
.
†
49
Cornwall . . . . . . .
†
38
.
*
29
Chester . . . . . . .
†
5
.
†
32
Worcester . . . . . .
†
34
.
*
1
Northampton . . . . . .
†
10
.
*
10
Counties in which the Number of Disorderly Houses and the Number of Illegitimate Children are both below the Average.
Counties in which the Number of Disorderly Houses is below and the Number of Illegitimate Children above the Average.
Rutland . . . . . . .
*
100
.
*
16
South Wales . . . . . .
*
100
.
†
7
Kent . . . . . . .
*
93
.
*
19
Nottingham . . . . . .
*
100
.
†
35
Essex . . . . . . .
*
92
.
*
10
Bucks . . . . . . .
*
100
.
†
4
Cambridge . . . . . .
*
72
.
*
1
Bedford . . . . . . .
*
100
.
†
14
Dorset . . . . . . .
*
63
.
*
1
Suffolk . . . . . . .
*
96
.
†
26
Devon . . . . . . .
*
63
.
*
25
North Wales . . . . . .
*
93
.
†
6
Southampton . . . . . .
*
59
.
*
10
Derby . . . . . . .
*
89
.
†
20
Warwick . . . . . . .
*
57
.
*
16
Sussex . . . . . . .
*
88
.
†
1
Monmouth . . . . . .
*
53
.
*
26
Norfolk . . . . . . .
*
87
.
†
56
Surrey . . . . . . .
*
51
.
*
34
Oxford . . . . . . .
*
84
.
†
13
Somerset . . . . . . .
*
49
.
*
6
Leicester . . . . . . .
*
83
.
†
17
Durham . . . . . . .
*
34
.
*
10
Salop . . . . . . .
*
73
.
†
47
Gloucester . . . . . .
*
25
.
*
4
Hertford . . . . . . .
*
69
.
†
7
Lincoln . . . . . . .
*
12
.
*
1
Stafford . . . . . . .
*
63
.
†
3
Hunts . . . . . . .
*
11
.
*
28
Wilts . . . . . . .
*
58
.
†
3
Westmorland . . . . . .
*
55
.
†
29
*** The rule appears to be, that the number of Disorderly Houses is the
least
in those Counties where the number of Illegitimate Births is the
greatest
, and,
vice versâ
, the
greatest
where the Illegitimates are the
least.
Berks . . . . . . .
*
41
.
†
17
York . . . . . . .
*
36
.
†
6
Northumberland . . . . .
*
32
.
†
8
Cumberland . . . . . .
*
25
.
†
61


Map no. X.
Map
Showing the Number of Cases of Concealing the Births of infants in Every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, in Each County of England & Wales
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number of cases is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of cases is
below
the Average. The Average is taken for the last
ten
years.
The Average for
all England and Wales is
.........
17
in every
10,000
illegitimate births.
" "
Surrey (the highest)
39
" "
" "
Huntingdon and Rutland (the lowest)
0
" "
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES WITH REGARD TO THE CONCEALMENT OF THE BIRTHS OF INFANTS.
COUNTIES.
Average Yearly No. of Illegitimate Births.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed for concealments in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births.
Proportion per Cent. above and below the Aver. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
1849
.
1850
.
Bedford . . .
336
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
...
2
.
2
6
*
64
.
7
Berks . . .
461
...
...
...
2
2
...
...
1
3
2
10
1
.
0
22
†
29
.
5
Bucks . . .
315
...
...
1
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
3
.
3
10
*
41
.
2
Cambridge . .
423
...
...
...
2
1
...
...
1
3
...
7
.
7
17
......
Chester . . .
1128
3
2
2
...
...
1
...
3
...
5
16
1
.
6
54
*
17
.
6
Cornwall . .
534
2
3
2
2
1
1
...
...
4
1
16
1
.
6
30
†
76
.
9
Cumberland . .
639
...
...
...
1
1
...
1
1
...
1
5
.
5
8
*
52
.
9
Derby . . .
656
...
2
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
4
8
.
8
12
*
29
.
4
Devon . . .
818
2
1
8
...
2
3
2
1
1
3
23
2
.
3
28
†
64
.
8
Dorset . . .
342
1
1
...
...
1
2
2
1
1
1
10
1
.
0
29
†
70
.
6
Durham . . .
824
...
1
2
7
2
4
1
2
...
...
19
1
.
9
23
†
35
.
3
Essex . . .
621
1
1
1
5
2
1
...
...
4
1
16
1
.
6
26
†
53
.
0
Gloucester . .
788
1
2
1
4
...
4
5
...
3
2
22
2
.
2
28
†
64
.
8
Hereford . .
274
1
...
...
...
1
1
2
2
...
...
7
.
7
26
†
53
.
0
Hertford . .
388
2
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
1
...
5
.
5
13
*
23
.
5
Hunts . . .
98
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Kent . . .
998
2
...
2
4
3
1
5
...
3
2
22
2
.
2
22
†
29
.
5
Lancaster . .
5672
4
4
4
5
7
7
6
5
5
3
50
5
.
0
9
*
47
.
1
Leicester . .
583
2
1
2
...
1
...
...
2
2
1
11
1
.
1
19
†
11
.
8
Lincoln . . .
820
1
4
1
7
2
1
...
2
1
4
23
2
.
3
28
†
64
.
8
Middlesex . .
2200
2
4
6
7
5
8
7
5
6
4
54
5
.
4
25
†
47
.
1
Monmouth . .
269
1
...
2
...
2
...
...
...
3
...
8
.
8
30
†
76
.
9
Norfolk . . .
1374
...
2
1
3
1
6
3
2
3
...
21
2
.
1
15
*
11
.
8
Northampton . .
416
...
...
1
2
2
3
1
...
...
...
9
.
9
22
†
29
.
5
Northumberland .
685
1
...
...
2
...
...
...
1
1
...
5
.
5
7
*
58
.
8
Nottingham . .
808
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
2
4
.
4
5
*
70
.
6
Oxford . . .
396
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
1
.
1
3
*
82
.
4
Rutland . . .
40
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*
100
.
0
Salop . . .
640
3
2
2
2
...
2
1
4
1
2
19
1
.
9
14
*
17
.
6
Somerset . .
847
3
2
1
1
1
2
...
3
1
2
16
1
.
6
19
†
11
.
8
Southampton . .
703
1
1
5
3
3
5
4
2
...
2
26
2
.
6
37
†
117
.
7
Stafford . . .
1341
2
2
1
6
1
2
2
2
3
2
23
2
.
3
17
......
Suffolk . . .
895
3
...
2
5
1
2
3
1
1
2
20
2
.
0
22
†
29
.
5
Surrey . . .
903
4
6
3
5
1
4
2
4
3
3
35
3
.
5
39
†
129
.
5
Sussex . . .
662
2
2
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
...
16
1
.
6
24
†
41
.
2
Warwick . .
831
1
...
1
1
1
...
1
4
...
2
11
1
.
1
13
*
23
.
5
Westmorland . .
156
...
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
2
1
4
.
4
26
†
53
.
0
Wilts . . .
506
...
...
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
...
9
.
9
18
†
4
.
1
Worcester . .
679
1
1
3
1
...
3
1
2
2
3
17
1
.
7
25
†
47
.
1
York . . .
4155
3
3
5
3
4
4
10
5
7
5
49
4
.
9
12
*
29
.
4
North Wales . .
847
...
...
2
2
...
1
...
1
2
1
9
.
9
11
*
35
.
3
South Wales . .
1308
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
...
3
4
19
1
.
9
15
*
11
.
8
Total for England and Wales .
37,410
51
49
66
87
53
78
65
60
75
66
650
65
.
0
17
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO THE CONCEALMENT OF THE BIRTHS OF INFANTS, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
10,000
ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Surrey ..............
39
Cambridge ..........
17
Southampton ......
37
Stafford ............
17
Cornwall ..........
30
Norfolk ............
15
Monmouth ........
30
South Wales ........
15
Dorset ............
29
Chester ............
14
Devon ..............
28
Salop ..............
14
Gloucester ..........
28
Hertford............
13
Lincoln ............
28
Warwick ..........
13
Essex ..............
26
Derby ..............
12
Hereford ..........
26
York ..............
12
Westmorland ......
26
North Wales ........
11
Middlesex ........
25
Bucks ..............
10
Worcester ........
25
Lancaster ..........
9
Sussex ..............
24
Cumberland ........
8
Durham ............
23
Northumberland....
7
Berks .............
22
Bedford ............
6
Kent ..............
22
Nottingham ........
5
Northampton ......
22
Oxford ............
3
Suffolk ............
22
Hunts ..............
0
Leicester............
19
Rutland ............
0
Somerset ..........
19
Wilts ..............
18
--------
Average for England and Wales ........
17
THE ATTEMPTS AT CONCEALING THE BIRTHS OF INFANTS AND ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS COMPARED.
Counties in which the Number of cases of Concealing Births and Number of Illegitimate Births are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Number of cases of Concealing Births is above the Average and the Number of Illegitimate Births below it.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In No. of Cases of Concealing Births.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
In No. of Cases of Concealing Births.
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
Hereford . . . . . . .
†
53
.
0
†
49
.
2
Surrey . . . . . . .
†
129
.
5
*
34
.
3
Westmorland . . . . . .
†
53
.
0
†
29
.
8
Southampton . . . . . .
†
117
.
7
*
10
.
4
Sussex . . . . . . .
†
41
.
2
†
1
.
5
Cornwall . . . . . . .
†
76
.
9
*
29
.
8
Berks . . . . . . .
†
29
.
5
†
17
.
9
Monmouth . . . . . .
†
76
.
9
*
26
.
8
Suffolk . . . . . . .
†
29
.
5
†
26
.
8
Dorset . . . . . . .
†
70
.
6
*
1
.
5
Leicester . . . . . . .
†
11
.
8
†
17
.
9
Devon . . . . . . .
†
64
.
8
*
25
.
3
Wilts . . . . . . .
†
4
.
1
†
3
.
0
Gloucester . . . . . .
†
64
.
8
*
4
.
5
The Average for the whole of the above Counties . . . . .
†
29
.
4
†
31
.
4
Lincoln . . . . . . .
†
64
.
8
*
1
.
5
Essex . . . . . . .
†
53
.
0
*
10
.
4
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
22
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and the Number of Illegitimate Births
88
in every
1000
Births.)
Middlesex . . . . . .
†
47
.
1
*
40
.
3
Worcester . . . . . .
†
47
.
1
*
1
.
5
Durham . . . . . . .
†
35
.
3
*
10
.
4
Kent . . . . . . .
†
29
.
5
*
19
.
4
Northampton . . . . . .
†
29
.
5
*
10
.
4
Somerset . . . . . .
†
11
.
8
*
6
.
0
The Average for the above Counties is
†
58
.
9
*
20
.
9
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
27
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and the Number of Illegitimate Eirths
53
in every
1000
Births.)
Counties in which the No. of cases of Concealing Births and No. of Illegitimate Births are both below the Average.
Counties in which the No. of cases of Concealing Births is below the Average and the No. of Illegitimate Births above it.
Rutland . . . . . . .
*----
*
1
.
5
Oxford . . . . . . .
*
82
.
4
†
13
.
4
Hunts . . . . . . .
*
23
.
5
*
16
.
4
Nottingham . . . . . .
*
70
.
6
†
35
.
8
Warwick . . . . . .
*
100
.
0
*
28
.
3
Bedford . . . . . . .
*
64
.
7
†
14
.
9
Cambridge . . . . . .
*
100
.
0
*
16
.
4
Northumberland . . . . .
*
58
.
8
†
8
.
9
The Average for the whole of the
Cumberland . . . . . .
*
52
.
9
†
61
.
2
above Counties is . . . .
*
23
.
5
*
13
.
4
Lancaster . . . . . .
*
47
.
1
†
14
.
9
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
13
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and the Number of Illegitimate Births
58
in every
1000
Births.)
Bucks . . . . . . .
*
29
.
5
†
4
.
4
North Wales . . . . . .
*
35
.
3
†
16
.
4
York . . . . . . .
*
29
.
4
†
6
.
0
Derby . . . . . . .
*
29
.
4
†
20
.
9
Hertford . . . . . . .
*
23
.
5
†
7
.
4
Salop . . . . . . .
*
17
.
6
†
47
.
7
Chester . . . . . . .
*
17
.
6
†
32
.
8
South Wales . . . . . .
*
11
.
8
†
7
.
4
Norfolk . . . . . . .
*
11
.
8
†
56
.
7
Stafford . . . . . . .
*----
†
3
.
0
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is . . . .
*
29
.
4
†
17
.
9
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
12
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and the Number of Illegitimate Births
79
in every
1000
Births.)


Map no. xi.
Map
Showing the Number of Proved Cases of attempting to Procure the Miscarriage of Women in Every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, in the Several Counties of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the cases are
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of cases is
below
the Average. The Average is calculated for
ten
years.
The Average for
England and Wales
is
1
in every
10,000
illegitimate births.
" "
Sussex (the highest)
6
" " "
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES, WITH REGARD TO THE ATTEMPTS TO PROCURE THE MISCARRIAGE OF WOMEN.
COUNTIES.
Average Yearly No. of Illegitimate Births.
Total number committed for attempting to procure the miscarriage of women.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed annually in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births.
Proportion per Cent. above and below the Aver. † denotes above, * " below.
1841
.
1842
.
1843
.
1844
.
1845
.
1846
.
1847
.
1848
.
1849
.
1850
.
Bedford . . . .
336
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Berks . . . .
461
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
.
1
2
†
100
.
0
Bucks . . . .
315
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Cambridge . . .
423
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Chester . . . .
1128
..
2
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
.
3
3
†
200
.
0
Cornwall . . .
534
..
..
..
1
..
..
1
..
..
..
2
.
2
4
†
300
.
0
Cumberland . . .
639
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Derby . . . .
656
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
.
2
3
†
200
.
0
Devon . . . .
818
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
.
3
4
†
300
.
0
Dorset . . . .
342
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Durham . . .
824
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Essex . . . .
621
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Gloucester . . .
788
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
.
1
1
......
Hereford . . .
274
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Hertford . . .
388
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
.
1
3
†
200
.
0
Hunts . . . .
98
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Kent . . . .
998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Lancaster . . .
5672
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
1
.
1
0
.
2
†
80
.
0
Leicester . . .
583
..
..
1
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
3
.
3
5
*
400
.
0
Lincoln . . . .
820
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
1
.
1
1
......
Middlesex . . .
2200
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
2
.
2
0
.
9
*
10
.
0
Monmouth . . .
269
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Norfolk . . . .
1374
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
.
1
0
.
7
*
30
.
0
Northampton . .
416
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
1
..
2
.
2
5
†
400
.
0
Northumberland . .
685
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
.
1
1
......
Nottingham . . .
808
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
1
1
3
.
3
4
†
300
.
0
Oxford . . . .
396
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Rutland . . . .
40
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Salop . . . .
640
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Somerset . . .
847
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Southampton . .
703
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Stafford . . . .
1341
1
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
.
2
1
......
Suffolk . . . .
895
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
1
.
1
1
......
Surrey . . . .
903
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Sussex . . . .
662
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
.
4
6
†
500
.
0
Warwick . . .
831
..
1
1
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
.
3
4
†
300
.
0
Westmorland. . .
156
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Wilts . . . .
506
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Worcester . . .
679
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
York . . . .
4155
2
1
2
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
6
.
6
1
......
North Wales . . .
847
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
South Wales . . .
1308
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
.
1
0
.
8
*
20
.
0
Total for England and Wales . . . .
37,410
3
5
13
6
1
4
3
3
3
3
44
4
.
4
1
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO ATTEMPTING TO PROCURE THE MISCARRIAGE OF WOMEN, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
10,000
ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Sussex ......
6
York ......
1
Leicester ....
5
Stafford ....
1
Northampton
5
Gloucester
1
Devon ......
4
Lincoln ....
1
Nottingham..
4
Northumb.
1
Warwick ....
4
Suffolk ....
1
Cornwall ....
4
Middlesex..
09
Chester ......
3
S. Wales ...
0
.
8
Derby........
3
Norfolk....
07
Hertford .....
3
Lancaster..
02
Berks ........
2
Bedford ....
0
Bucks......
0
Cambridge .
0
Cumberland
0
Dorset ....
0
Durham ..
0
Essex ......
0
Hereford ..
0
Hunts......
0
Kent ......
0
Monmouth
0
Oxford ....
0
Rutland....
0
Salop ......
0
Somerset ..
0
Southamp.
0
Surrey ....
0
Westmor...
0
Wilts ......
0
Worcester..
0
N. Wales ..
0
-------
Average for England and Wales
1
THE CONCEALMENT OF THE BIRTHS OF INFANTS AND THE ATTEMPTS TO PROCURE THE MISCARRIAGE OF WOMEN COMPARED.
Counties in which the Concealment of Births and attempts to procure Miscarriage are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the Concealment of Births is above the Average, and the attempts to procure Miscarriage below it.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In No. of Concealment of Births.
In No. of Attempts at Miscarriage
In No. of Concealment of Births.
In No. of Attempts at Miscarriage
Cornwall ......
†
76
.
9
†
300
.
0
Surrey ........
†
129
.
5
*
100
.
0
Devon ........
†
64
.
8
†
300
.
0
Southampton ..
†
117
.
7
*
100
.
0
Sussex ........
†
41
.
2
†
500
.
0
Monmouth ....
†
76
.
9
*
100
.
0
Berks ........
†
29
.
5
†
100
.
0
Dorset ........
†
70
.
6
*
100
.
0
Northampton ..
†
29
.
5
†
400
.
0
Gloucester ....
†
64
.
8
*----
Leicester ......
†
11
.
8
†
400
.
0
Lincoln........
†
64
.
8
*----
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
†
41
.
1
†
300
.
0
Essex ........
†
53
.
0
*
100
.
0
Hereford ......
†
53
.
0
*
100
.
0
Westmorland ..
†
53
.
0
*
100
.
0
Middlesex ....
†
47
.
1
*
10
.
0
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
24
, and of Attempts at Miscarriage
4
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births.)
Worcester ....
†
47
.
1
*
100
.
0
Durham ......
†
35
.
3
*
100
.
0
Kent ........
†
29
.
5
*
100
.
0
Suffolk ........
†
29
.
5
*----
Somerset ......
†
11
.
8
*
100
.
0
Wilts ..........
†
4
.
1
*
100
.
0
Counties in which the Concealment of Births and Attempts to procure Miscarriage are both below the Average.
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
†
53
.
0
*
60
.
0
Rutland ......
*
100
.
0
*
100
.
0
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
26
, and Attempts at Miscarriage
0
.
4
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births.)
Hunts ........
*
100
.
0
*
100
.
0
Oxford ........
*
82
.
4
*
100
.
0
Bedford ......
*
64
.
7
*
100
.
0
Northumb. ....
*
58
.
8
*----
Cumberland ..
*
52
.
9
*
100
.
0
Lancaster......
*
47
.
1
*
80
.
0
Counties in which the Concealment of Births is below the Average, and the Attempts to procure Miscarriage above it.
Bucks ........
*
41
.
2
*
100
.
0
North Wales ..
*
35
.
3
*
100
.
0
York ..........
*
29
.
4
*----
Salop ........
*
17
.
6
*
100
.
0
Nottingham ..
*
70
.
6
†
300
.
0
South Wales ..
*
11
.
8
*
20
.
0
Derby ........
*
29
.
4
†
200
.
0
Norfolk ......
*
11
.
8
*
30
.
0
Warwick ......
*
23
.
5
†
300
.
0
Stafford ......
*----
*----
Hertford ......
*
23
.
5
†
200
.
0
Cambridge ....
*----
*
100
.
0
Chester ........
*
17
.
6
†
200
.
0
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
*
29
.
4
*
30
.
0
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
*
29
.
4
†
200
.
0
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
14
, and Attempts at Miscarriage
0
.
7
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births.)
(The Number of cases of Concealing Births is
12
, and Attempts at Miscarriage
3
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births.)
THE ATTEMPTS TO PROCURE THE MISCARRIAGE OF WOMEN AND ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS COMPARED.
Counties in which the Number of cases of Attempts at Miscarriage and Number of Illegitimate Births are both above the Average.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
Counties in which the cases of Attempts at Miscarriage are above the Average and the Number of Illegitimate Births below it.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
In No. of Attempts at Miscarriage
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
In No. of Attempts at Miscarriage
In No. of Illegitimate Births.
Sussex ........
†
500
.
0
†
1
.
5
Northampton ..
†
400
.
0
*
10
.
4
Leicester ......
†
400
.
0
†
17
.
9
Devon ........
†
300
.
0
*
25
.
3
Nottingham ..
†
300
.
0
†
35
.
8
Warwick ......
†
300
.
0
*
16
.
4
Chester ........
†
200
.
0
†
32
.
8
Cornwall ......
†
300
.
0
*
29
.
8
Derby ........
†
200
.
0
†
20
.
9
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
†
300
.
0
*
20
.
9
Hertford ......
†
200
.
0
†
7
.
4
Berks ..........
†
100
.
0
†
17
.
9
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
†
300
.
0
†
20
.
9
(The Number of cases of Attempts at Miscarriage is
4
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and Number of Illegitimate Births
53
in every
1000
Births.)
(The number of cases of Attempts at Miscarriage is
4
in
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and Number of Illegitimate Births
81
in every
1000
Births.)
Counties in which the cases of Attempts at Miscarriage and Number of Illegitimate Births are both below the Average.
Counties in which the cases of Attempts at Miscarriage are below the Average and the Number of Illegitimate Births above it.
Bedford ......
*
100
.
0
†
14
.
9
Cambridge ....
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
5
Bucks ........
*
100
.
0
†
4
.
4
Dorset ........
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
5
Cumberland ..
*
100
.
0
†
61
.
2
Durham ......
*
100
.
0
*
10
.
4
Hereford ......
*
100
.
0
†
49
.
2
Essex..........
*
100
.
0
*
10
.
4
Oxford ........
*
100
.
0
†
13
.
4
Hunts ........
*
100
.
0
*
28
.
3
Salop ..........
*
100
.
0
†
47
.
7
Kent ..........
*
100
.
0
*
19
.
4
Westmorland ..
*
100
.
0
†
29
.
8
Monmouth ....
*
100
.
0
*
26
.
8
Wilts ..........
*
100
.
0
†
3
.
0
Rutland ......
*
100
.
0
*
16
.
4
North Wales ..
*
100
.
0
†
16
.
4
Somerset ......
*
100
.
0
*
6
.
0
Lancaster ....
*
80
.
0
†
14
.
9
Southampton ..
*
100
.
0
*
10
.
4
Norfolk ......
*
30
.
0
†
56
.
7
Surrey ........
*
100
.
0
*
34
.
3
South Wales ..
*
20
.
0
†
7
.
4
Worcester......
*
100
.
0
*
1
.
5
Suffolk ........
*----
†
26
.
8
Middlesex ....
*
10
.
0
*
40
.
3
Northumb.....
*----
†
8
.
9
Lincoln........
*----
*
1
.
5
Stafford ......
*----
†
3
.
0
Gloucester ....
*----
*
4
.
5
York ..........
*----
†
6
.
0
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
*
60
.
0
*
19
.
4
The Average for the whole of the above Counties is ..
*
40
.
0
†
16
.
4
(The Number of cases of Attempts at Miscarriage is .
4
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and Number of Illegitimate Births
54
in every
1000
Births.)
(The Number of cases of Attempts at Miscarriage is .
6
in every
10,000
Illegitimate Births, and Number of Illegitimate Births
78
in every
1000
Births.)


Map no. Xii.
Map
Showing the Number of Persons Committed For assaults, With intent to Ravish and Carnally abuse, in Every
1,000,000
of the Population, in the Several Counties of England & Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number committed for this offence is
above
the Average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number committed for the same offence is
below
the Average. The Average has been calculated for the
ten
years, from
1841
to
1850
.
The Average for
all England and Wales is
.........
83
in every
1,000,000
people.
" "
Worcester (the highest)
139
" "
" "
South Wales (the lowest)
33
" "
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES, WITH REGARD TO ASSAULTS WITH INTENT TO RAVISH AND CARNALLY ABUSE.
COUNTIES.
Average Population
1841
-
50
.
Total Number Committed for Assaults, with intent to Ravish and Carnally Abuse.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. Committed Annually in every
1,000,000
.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
Bedford . . . .
121,083
..
..
1
..
..
2
1
1
1
..
6
0
.
6
50
*
39
.
3
Berks . . . .
194,763
1
..
1
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
13
1
.
3
67
*
19
.
2
Bucks . . . .
140,959
..
1
4
4
1
..
1
1
1
..
13
1
.
3
92
†
10
.
8
Cambridge . . .
180,747
3
1
1
3
1
1
..
2
..
2
14
1
.
4
77
*
7
.
2
Chester . . . .
395,919
7
5
2
5
7
5
4
3
5
3
46
4
.
6
116
†
39
.
8
Cornwall . . .
349,991
2
3
1
4
..
2
2
3
4
2
23
2
.
3
66
*
20
.
5
Cumberland . . .
186,762
1
..
2
2
2
3
..
..
2
3
15
1
.
5
80
*
3
.
6
Derby . . . .
250,249
2
1
1
3
1
1
..
1
1
1
12
1
.
2
48
*
42
.
2
Devon . . . .
554,738
3
2
3
3
1
5
7
1
7
3
35
3
.
5
63
*
24
.
7
Dorset . . . .
172,736
..
..
2
3
3
4
..
1
..
..
13
1
.
3
75
*
9
.
6
Durham . . . .
368,787
1
3
7
..
1
3
3
1
4
3
26
2
.
6
71
*
14
.
5
Essex . . . .
332,363
2
6
1
3
3
3
5
3
2
..
28
2
.
8
84
†
1
.
2
Gloucester . . .
407,504
6
2
4
4
1
6
3
..
6
5
37
3
.
7
91
†
9
.
6
Hereford . . .
97,813
1
..
..
..
..
2
..
4
..
1
8
0
.
8
82
*
1
.
2
Hertford . . .
168,178
..
..
3
1
1
2
1
3
2
..
13
1
.
3
78
*
6
.
0
Hunts . . . .
57,942
1
..
1
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
3
0
.
3
52
*
37
.
4
Kent . . . .
585,249
3
8
8
9
7
5
5
5
1
11
62
6
.
2
106
†
27
.
7
Lancaster . . .
1,881,261
13
19
21
21
26
15
15
15
11
6
162
16
.
2
87
†
4
.
8
Leicester . . .
227,621
2
5
4
..
4
3
..
..
1
4
23
2
.
3
101
†
21
.
7
Lincoln . . . .
378,246
2
6
2
6
3
..
1
4
3
2
29
2
.
9
80
*
3
.
6
Middlesex . . .
1,740,814
14
10
10
11
9
12
6
20
8
11
111
11
.
1
64
*
22
.
9
Monmouth . . .
164,093
1
1
2
4
..
2
1
4
1
1
17
1
.
7
104
†
25
.
3
Norfolk . . . .
419,463
3
3
7
7
7
7
7
1
3
5
50
5
.
0
119
†
43
.
4
Northampton . .
206,496
..
1
3
2
3
2
3
5
1
1
21
2
.
1
102
†
22
.
9
Northumberland . .
284,777
1
..
4
3
1
3
3
..
1
..
16
1
.
6
56
*
32
.
5
Nottingham . . .
282,584
1
1
..
3
1
2
2
..
..
..
10
1
.
0
36
*
56
.
6
Oxford . . . .
166,751
..
4
..
2
..
2
3
3
1
2
17
1
.
7
102
†
22
.
9
Rutland . . . .
23,711
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
0
.
1
42
*
49
.
4
Salop . . . .
243,352
1
3
5
..
..
..
2
3
..
..
14
1
.
4
58
*
30
.
1
Somerset . . .
452,515
5
7
7
6
7
6
5
2
4
2
51
5
.
1
115
†
38
.
6
Southampton . .
377,040
2
3
7
7
2
7
1
7
3
1
40
4
.
0
106
†
27
.
7
Stafford . . . .
579,686
4
7
11
4
2
5
7
3
4
11
58
5
.
8
101
†
21
.
7
Suffolk . . . .
325,336
1
1
1
3
..
4
2
2
1
3
18
1
.
8
56
*
32
.
5
Surrey . . . .
635,917
2
5
2
10
2
4
5
4
2
2
38
3
.
8
60
*
27
.
7
Sussex . . . .
320,944
..
7
1
..
3
4
2
4
7
4
32
3
.
2
100
†
20
.
5
Warwick . . .
444,558
5
3
4
2
3
5
3
5
3
8
41
4
.
1
92
†
10
.
8
Westmorland. . .
57,494
..
..
..
..
1
..
1
2
1
..
5
0
.
5
87
†
4
.
8
Wilts . . . .
241,887
3
3
3
3
..
5
1
3
4
3
28
2
.
8
116
†
39
.
8
Worcester . . .
244,574
3
3
5
4
2
4
3
4
5
1
34
3
.
4
139
†
67
.
5
York . . . .
1,686,461
16
14
15
16
12
19
16
6
8
14
136
13
.
6
81
*
2
.
4
North Wales . . .
396,161
5
2
2
2
1
3
7
5
1
4
32
3
.
2
81
*
2
.
4
South Wales . . .
568,430
1
1
..
3
3
3
2
1
2
2
18
1
.
8
33
*
60
.
2
Total for England and Wales . . . .
16,918,458
118
141
158
167
123
164
131
133
112
122
1369
137
.
0
83
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO ASSAULTS WITH INTENT TO RAVISH AND CARNALLY ABUSE, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
1,000,000
OF THE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Worcester ......
139
Hereford .........
82
Norfolk ..........
119
York ..............
81
Chester ..........
116
North Wales ......
81
Wilts ............
116
Lincoln ..........
80
Somerset ........
115
Cumberland ......
80
Kent ............
106
Hertford ..........
78
Southampton ....
106
Cambridge ........
77
Monmouth ......
104
Dorset ............
75
Northampton ....
102
Durham ..........
71
Oxford ..........
102
Berks ..........
67
Stafford ..........
101
Cornwall ..........
66
Leicester..........
101
Middlesex ........
64
Sussex ............
100
Devon ............
63
Warwick ........
92
Surrey ............
60
Bucks ............
92
Salop ............
58
Gloucester ........
91
Suffolk ..........
56
Lancaster ........
87
Northumberland ..
56
Westmorland ....
87
Hunts ............
52
Essex ............
84
Bedford ..........
50
Derby ............
48
Rutland ..........
42
Nottingham ......
36
South Wales ......
33
--------
Average for England and Wales ..........
83


Map no. Xiii.
Map
Showing the Number of Persons Committed For Bigamy in Every
100,000
Marriages, in the Several Counties of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number committed for this offence is
above
the average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number committed for the same offence is
below
the average. The average is calculated for the
ten
years, from
1841
to
1850
.
The average for
all England and Wales is
59
in every
100,000
Marriages.
" "
Chester (the highest)
259
" "
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES WITH REGARD TO BIGAMY.
COUNTIES.
Average Marriages for
10
years, from
1839
-
48
.
Total Number committed for Bigamy.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed Annually in every
100,000
Marriages.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
Bedford . . . .
925
1
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
..
3
0
.
3
32
*
45
.
8
Berks . . . .
1,294
1
1
2
..
..
..
2
1
..
..
7
0
.
7
54
*
8
.
5
Bucks . . . .
960
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Cambridge . . .
1,392
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
1
1
3
0
.
3
22
*
62
.
7
Chester . . . .
2,580
4
7
11
6
2
2
12
6
9
8
67
6
.
7
259
†
338
.
9
Cornwall . . .
2,447
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
..
..
2
0
.
2
8
*
86
.
4
Cumberland . . .
1,036
2
..
1
3
2
2
..
1
2
..
13
1
.
3
125
†
11
.
2
Derby . . . .
1,826
..
1
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
2
6
0
.
6
33
*
44
.
1
Devon . . . .
4,339
1
..
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
..
14
1
.
4
32
*
45
.
8
Dorset . . . .
1,174
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
1
0
.
1
9
*
4
.
8
Durham . . . .
2,885
..
6
3
1
2
3
3
4
4
2
28
2
.
8
97
†
64
.
4
Essex . . . .
2,114
2
..
1
2
..
1
..
..
..
..
6
0
.
6
28
*
52
.
5
Gloucester . . .
3,459
2
1
5
..
..
1
..
3
2
..
14
1
.
4
40
*
32
.
2
Hereford . . .
634
1
..
1
..
..
..
1
1
..
..
4
0
.
4
63
†
6
.
8
Hertford . . .
988
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Hunts . . . .
452
..
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
0
.
2
44
*
25
.
4
Kent . . . .
4,047
2
5
3
2
2
3
2
..
1
1
21
2
.
1
52
*
11
.
9
Lancaster . . .
17,034
13
11
35
19
20
27
29
19
19
20
212
21
.
2
124
†
110
.
2
Leicester . . .
1,730
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
0
.
1
6
*
89
.
8
Lincoln . . . .
2,765
..
..
1
4
..
1
1
2
3
2
14
1
.
4
51
*
13
.
6
Middlesex . . .
15,795
8
8
10
9
16
9
12
10
9
11
102
10
.
2
65
†
10
.
2
Monmouth . . .
1,281
..
2
2
1
1
..
..
..
2
2
10
1
.
0
78
†
32
.
2
Norfolk . . . .
3,021
..
1
3
2
..
1
..
2
1
2
12
1
.
2
39
*
33
.
9
Northampton . .
1,597
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
0
.
1
6
*
89
.
8
Northumberland . .
2,047
..
1
..
1
..
3
1
1
..
..
7
0
.
7
34
*
42
.
4
Nottingham . . .
2,084
..
..
..
1
..
3
1
..
..
..
5
0
.
5
24
*
59
.
3
Oxford . . . .
1,158
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Rutland . . . .
158
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Salop . . . .
1,590
2
1
..
1
..
1
..
..
..
..
5
0
.
5
31
*
47
.
5
Somerset . . .
3,113
1
2
1
..
1
1
..
1
1
1
9
0
.
9
29
*
50
.
9
Southampton . .
2,884
..
..
2
..
..
..
1
..
..
2
5
0
.
5
17
*
71
.
2
Stafford . . . .
4,146
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
4
19
1
.
9
46
*
22
.
0
Suffolk . . . .
2,369
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
2
0
.
2
8
*
86
.
4
Surrey . . . .
5,187
2
7
5
2
3
3
4
4
5
8
43
4
.
3
83
†
40
.
7
Sussex . . . .
2,134
..
..
..
..
1
1
..
2
..
..
4
0
.
4
19
*
67
.
8
Warwick . . .
3,247
3
1
2
..
1
3
3
4
2
1
20
2
.
0
62
†
5
.
1
Westmorland . .
390
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
..
..
2
0
.
2
51
*
13
.
6
Wilts . . . .
1,618
..
..
..
..
1
1
..
..
..
..
2
0
.
2
12
*
79
.
7
Worcester . . .
2,769
..
..
3
..
1
1
2
1
3
1
12
1
.
2
43
*
27
.
1
York . . . .
13,332
3
6
6
8
4
9
7
14
9
13
79
7
.
9
59
* . ..
North Wales . . .
2,582
..
1
1
..
2
..
..
2
1
1
8
0
.
8
31
*
47
.
5
South Wales . . .
4,076
1
..
1
..
1
..
1
1
2
..
7
0
.
7
17
*
71
.
2
Total for England and Wales . . . .
130,670
50
65
107
69
62
82
84
88
83
82
772
.
2
59
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO BIGAMY, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
100,000
MARRIAGES.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Chester ..........
259
York ..............
59
Cumberland ......
125
Berks ............
54
Lancaster ..........
124
Kent ............
52
Durham .........
97
Lincoln ..........
51
Surrey ............
83
Westmorland ....
51
Monmouth ......
78
Stafford ..........
46
Middlesex ........
65
Hunts ............
44
Hereford ..........
63
Worcester ........
43
Warwick ..........
62
Gloucester ........
40
Norfolk ..........
39
Northumberland ..
34
Derby ............
33
Devon ............
32
Bedford ..........
32
North Wales ......
31
Salop ............
31
Somerset ..........
29
Essex ............
28
Nottingham ......
24
Cambridge ........
22
Sussex ............
19
South Wales ......
17
Southampton ....
17
Wilts ..............
12
Dorset ...........
9
Cornwall ..........
8
Suffolk ............
8
Leicester ..........
6
Northampton......
6
Bucks ............
0
Hertford ..........
0
Oxford ..........
0
Rutland ..........
0
--------
Average for England and Wales ..........
59


Map no. Xiv.
Map
Showing the Number of Persons Committed For abduction in Every
10,000,000
of the Male Population, in the Several Counties of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number committed for this offence is
above
the average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number committed for the same offence is
below
the average. The average is calculated for the
ten
years, from
1841
to
1850
.
The Average for all England and Wales is
............
3
in every
10,000,000
of the Male Population.
" "
Nottingham and Bucks (the highest)
14
each
' '
table SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES WITH REGARD TO ABDUCTION.
COUNTIES.
Average Male Population
1841
-
50
.
Total Number committed for Abduction.
Total for
10
Years.
Annual Average.
No. committed Annually in every
10,000,000
Males.
Percentage above and below the Average. † denotes above. * " below.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
Bedford . . . .
58,372
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Berks . . . .
97,055
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
.
1
10
†
233
.
3
Bucks . . . .
69,226
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
.
1
14
†
366
.
7
Cambridge . . .
89,762
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
1
.
1
11
†
266
.
7
Chester . . . .
193,728
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Cornwall . . .
168,854
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Cumberland . . .
91,199
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Derby . . . .
124,224
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Devon . . . .
263,055
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Dorset . . . .
82,998
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Durham . . . .
183,956
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Essex . . . .
166,255
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Gloucester . . .
192,960
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Hereford . . . .
48,985
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Hertford . . . .
83,264
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Hunts . . . .
28,761
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Kent . . . .
291,219
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
1
.
1
3
*....
Lancaster . . .
917,922
1
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7
.
7
8
†
166
.
7
Leicester . . . .
111,629
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Lincoln . . . .
189,768
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Middlesex . . .
815,107
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
1
..
..
2
.
2
2
*
33
.
3
Monmouth . . .
85,564
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Norfolk . . . .
202,811
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Northampton . . .
102,853
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Northumberland . .
139,028
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
1
.
1
7
†
133
.
3
Nottingham . . .
138,413
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
.
2
14
†
366
.
7
Oxford . . . .
83,290
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Rutland . . . .
11,937
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Salop . . . .
121,316
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Somerset . . .
216,177
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Southampton . . .
186,661
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Stafford . . . .
294,120
..
..
..
1
..
1
..
1
..
..
3
.
3
10
†
233
.
3
Suffolk . . . .
159,561
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Surrey . . . .
303,083
..
1
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
2
.
2
7
†
133
.
3
Sussex . . . .
157,915
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Warwick . . .
217,569
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
1
2
.
2
9
†
200
.
0
Westmorland . . .
28,680
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Wilts . . . .
119,528
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Worcester . . .
119,808
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
York . . . .
835,816
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
North Wales . . .
196,064
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
South Wales . . .
279,818
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
*
100
.
0
Total for England and Wales . . .
8,270,087
3
7
..
4
..
1
2
2
..
4
23
2
.
3
3
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO ABDUCTION, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
10,000,000
OF THE MALE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Nottingham ........
14
Kent................
3
Bucks ..............
14
Middlesex ..........
2
Cambridge ..........
11
Bedford ............
0
Stafford ............
10
Chester ............
0
Berks ..............
10
Cornwall ..........
0
Warwick ..........
9
Cumberland ........
0
Lancaster ..........
8
Derby ..............
0
Northumberland....
7
Devon ..............
0
Surrey ............
7
Dorset ............
0
Durham ............
0
Essex ..............
0
Gloucester ..........
0
Hereford............
0
Hertford............
0
Hunts ..............
0
Leicester............
0
Lincoln ............
0
Monmouth..........
0
Norfolk ............
0
Northampton ......
0
Oxford..............
0
Rutland ............
0
Salop ..............
0
Somerset ..........
0
Southampton ......
0
Suffolk ............
0
Sussex ............
0
Westmorland ......
0
Wilts ..............
0
Worcester ..........
0
York ..............
0
North Wales ......
0
South Wales........
0
--------
Average for England and Wales........
3


Map no. xv.
Map
Showing the Criminality of Females in Every
100,000
of the Female Population, in Each County of England and Wales.
*** The counties printed
black
are those in which the number of Criminal Females is
above
the average. The counties left
white
are those in which the number of Criminal Females is
below
the average. The average is taken for the last
10
years.
The Average for
all England and Wales is
62
in every
100,000
of the Female Population.
" "
Middlesex (the highest)
110
" "
" "
Derby (the lowest)
23
" "
table SHOWING THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF FEMALE AND MALE CRIMINALITY IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
† denotes above the average, * below it.
COUNTIES.
Average Female Population,
1841
-
50
.
Number of Female Criminals in each year.
Total Female Criminals in
Ten
Years.
Average No. of Female Criminals per year,
1841
-
50
.
Average No. of Male Criminals
The average number of Male Criminals has been arrived at in the same manner as that for Female Criminals, but the table itself is reserved for another place.
per year,
1841
-
50
.
No. of Female Criminals in every
100,000
of Female Population.
No. of Male Criminals in every
100,000
of Male Population.
Percentage above and below the Average of Female Criminals.
Percentage above and below the Average of Male Criminals.
No. of Female Criminals to every
100
Male Criminals.
Percentage above and below the Average of Female to Male Criminals.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
Bedford ......
62,711
11
36
22
20
15
20
21
22
17
19
203
20
.
3
166
32
284
*
48
.
4
†
4
.
4
11
*
52
.
2
Berks ..........
97,708
45
55
43
44
42
37
55
43
52
39
455
45
.
5
268
47
276
*
24
.
2
†
1
.
5
17
*
26
.
1
Bucks ........
71,732
20
23
31
17
25
21
22
21
27
16
223
22
.
3
266
31
384
*
50
.
0
†
41
.
2
8
*
65
.
2
Cambridge ....
90,985
29
28
33
42
34
20
44
32
34
44
340
34
.
0
232
37
258
*
40
.
3
*
5
.
2
14
*
39
.
1
Chester ........
202,190
195
171
170
147
139
183
197
209
169
184
1764
176
.
4
722
87
373
†
40
.
3
†
37
.
1
23
*--
Cornwall ......
181,137
61
67
75
56
62
67
78
68
69
46
649
64
.
9
217
35
128
*
43
.
6
*
52
.
9
27
†
17
.
4
Cumberland ..
95,563
39
39
38
40
37
36
37
34
36
43
379
37
.
9
95
40
104
*
35
.
5
*
61
.
8
38
†
65
.
2
Derby ........
126,025
21
26
34
33
28
47
24
25
27
25
290
29
.
0
235
23
189
*
62
.
9
*
30
.
5
12
*
47
.
8
Devon ........
291,683
171
194
177
151
184
184
206
226
224
193
1910
191
.
0
596
31
227
*
50
.
0
*
16
.
5
14
*
39
.
1
Dorset ........
89,738
46
34
42
41
33
35
51
53
61
38
434
43
.
4
210
48
253
*
22
.
6
*
7
.
0
19
*
17
.
4
Durham ......
184,931
46
57
58
65
40
55
61
72
45
82
581
58
.
1
232
31
126
*
50
.
0
*
53
.
7
25
†
8
.
7
Essex..........
166,108
82
85
99
89
75
89
65
75
64
64
787
78
.
7
559
48
336
*
22
.
6
†
23
.
5
14
*
39
.
1
Gloucester ....
214,544
193
221
224
198
178
190
204
188
188
148
1932
193
.
2
875
90
453
†
45
.
2
†
66
.
6
20
*
13
.
0
Hereford ......
48,828
64
49
45
38
39
34
52
52
44
45
462
46
.
2
187
94
382
†
51
.
6
†
40
.
4
24
†
4
.
4
Hertford ......
84,914
35
34
24
27
30
21
28
30
29
23
281
28
.
1
267
33
321
*
46
.
8
†
18
.
0
10
*
56
.
5
Hunts ........
29,181
7
8
10
15
19
14
12
18
15
10
128
12
.
8
69
45
240
*
27
.
4
*
11
.
8
19
*
17
.
4
Kent ..........
294,029
161
183
147
156
151
161
171
182
200
167
1679
167
.
9
792
57
272
*
8
.
1
*--
21
*
8
.
7
Lancaster ....
963,338
927
947
847
689
698
826
882
902
819
950
8487
848
.
7
2635
88
287
†
41
.
9
†
5
.
5
31
†
34
.
8
Leicester ......
115,991
56
69
55
56
30
61
49
37
38
41
492
49
.
2
342
42
306
*
32
.
3
†
12
.
5
14
*
39
.
1
Lincoln........
188,477
74
100
86
92
71
78
106
87
91
72
857
85
.
7
398
46
210
*
25
.
8
*
22
.
8
22
*
4
.
4
Middlesex ....
926,007
869
989
980
948
1102
1118
1176
1223
945
882
10232
1023
.
2
3244
110
398
†
77
.
4
†
46
.
3
28
†
21
.
7
Monmouth ....
78,528
63
51
53
77
41
46
67
64
78
97
637
63
.
7
232
81
271
†
30
.
6
*
0
.
4
30
†
30
.
4
Norfolk ......
216,652
112
127
117
127
101
120
143
78
100
89
1114
111
.
4
607
51
299
*
17
.
7
†
9
.
9
17
*
26
.
1
Northampton ..
103,642
45
38
25
34
47
41
32
38
24
38
362
36
.
2
259
35
252
*
43
.
6
*
7
.
4
14
*
39
.
1
Northumb......
145,749
54
52
66
77
46
43
50
44
64
83
579
57
.
9
177
40
127
*
35
.
5
*
53
.
3
31
†
34
.
8
Nottingham ..
144,171
38
49
43
51
42
45
64
33
37
34
436
43
.
6
289
31
209
*
50
.
0
*
23
.
2
15
*
34
.
8
Oxford ........
82,461
46
48
52
37
44
43
41
35
34
31
411
41
.
1
256
50
307
*
19
.
4
†
12
.
9
16
*
30
.
4
Rutland ......
11,774
6
4
7
3
3
4
7
10
4
2
50
5
.
0
28
42
235
*
32
.
3
*
13
.
6
18
*
21
.
7
Salop ..........
122,035
80
75
89
84
73
48
62
65
61
59
696
69
.
6
293
57
242
*
8
.
1
*
11
.
0
24
†
4
.
4
Somerset ......
236,337
172
166
136
160
143
150
141
145
159
134
1506
150
.
6
751
64
347
†
3
.
2
†
27
.
6
18
*
21
.
7
Southampton ..
190,379
102
127
124
93
115
94
137
115
120
120
1147
114
.
7
555
60
297
*
3
.
2
†
9
.
2
20
*
13
.
0
Stafford ......
285,566
179
190
197
175
161
188
221
176
189
193
1869
186
.
9
851
65
289
†
4
.
8
†
6
.
2
22
*
4
.
4
Suffolk ........
165,775
77
80
68
92
66
77
82
57
76
74
749
74
.
9
436
45
273
*
27
.
4
†
0
.
4
16
*
30
.
4
Surrey ........
332,838
212
236
177
194
215
200
316
278
275
237
2340
234
.
0
806
70
266
†
12
.
9
*
2
.
2
26
†
13
.
0
Sussex ........
163,028
61
81
83
69
86
93
83
92
101
83
832
83
.
2
409
52
259
*
16
.
1
*
4
.
8
20
*
13
.
0
Warwick ......
226,939
168
157
177
119
144
163
179
199
142
162
1610
161
.
0
799
71
367
†
14
.
5
†
34
.
9
19
*
17
.
4
Westmorland ..
28,814
9
9
10
6
7
8
4
6
9
8
76
7
.
6
39
28
136
*
54
.
9
*
50
.
0
21
*
8
.
7
Wilts ..........
122,359
65
57
65
57
52
60
86
59
78
47
626
62
.
6
394
51
330
*
17
.
7
†
21
.
3
15
*
34
.
8
Worcester......
124,766
75
102
104
87
121
105
128
116
112
109
1059
105
.
9
506
85
422
†
37
.
1
†
55
.
1
20
*
13
.
0
York ..........
850,625
331
380
375
323
290
294
351
344
347
321
3356
335
.
6
1587
40
190
*
35
.
5
*
30
.
1
21
*
8
.
7
North Wales ..
200,096
60
56
48
45
49
47
68
65
63
62
563
56
.
3
233
28
119
*
54
.
9
*
56
.
3
13
*
43
.
5
South Wales ..
288,612
93
79
84
117
84
91
127
145
134
151
1105
110
.
5
368
38
132
*
38
.
7
*
51
.
5
29
†
26
.
1
Total for England & Wales
8,648,371
5200
5569
5340
4993
4962
5257
5930
5763
5401
5265
53680
5368
.
0
22474
62
272
23
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY AMONGST FEMALES, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF FEMALE CRIMINALS IN EVERY
100,000
OF THE FEMALE POPULATION.
Counties above the Average.
Counties below the Average.
Middlesex..
110
Southamp.
60
Hereford ..
94
Kent ......
57
Gloucester
90
Salop ......
57
Lancaster ..
88
Sussex ....
52
Chester ....
87
Norfolk....
51
Worcester..
85
Wilts ......
51
Monmouth
81
Oxford ....
50
Warwick ..
71
Essex ......
48
Surrey ....
70
Dorset ....
48
Stafford ....
65
Berks ......
47
Somerset ..
64
Lincoln ....
46
Suffolk ....
45
Hunts......
45
Leicester ..
42
Rutland....
42
York ......
40
Northumb.
40
Cumberland
40
S. Wales ...
38
Cambridge .
37
Cornwall ..
35
Northamp.
35
Hertford ...
33
Bedford ....
32
Devon ....
31
Durham ..
31
Nottingham
31
Bucks......
31
N. Wales ..
28
Westmor...
28
Derby......
23
--------
Average for England and Wales
62
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vq27zz91j
Component ID:
tufts:UA069.005.DO.00080
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