PUBLICATIONS. No one could ever say that Tufts suffered from a dearth of publications sponsored by either the university at large or by the students. Neither could it be said that university publications changed their editors, names, format, or character any less frequently than did their student-run counterparts.

The Tufts Alumni Review, which had been established in 1947 as the principal medium of communication with that segment of Tufts, was published quarterly, and was available to some 42,000 individuals. It was supplanted in 1968 by the Tufts Criterion, first published five times a year, in tabloid newspaper format and copiously illustrated. Initially the Criterion assumed from the Alumni Review the responsibility of reporting current university events as well as carrying alumni and faculty notes and obituaries. In 1969-70, a year after the Criterion commenced publication, the Tufts Review appeared, published on a semi-annual basis and with circulation limited to 10,000 individuals who were considered generous financial supporters of Tufts. It lasted for only two issues. The Criterion was published originally by the

The Criterion went through a series of changes in purpose. At first it carried general university news as well as material of particular interest to alumni, and by 1973 was considered the university's official news contact with alumni and parents. Class notes which had previously been the province of the Alumni Review appeared in the Criterion and reinforced its alumni orientation. With its expanded coverage it was published, beginning in the fall of 1971, eight times a year instead of the original five. Between that year and 1976 the number of issues fluctuated between five and seven times a year.

When regular Summer School sessions were begun in 1946, a paper known as the Tufts Summer News was published by the Office of Public Information as a weekly, beginning in July. After a brief transition period as the Tufts Summer Hill-Topper it became the Tufts Hilltopper in 1968 and lasted through the 1971 summer session, the final issue having appeared at the end of July.

University news and alumni publications maintained a uniformly high standard of journalism and were the recipients of numerous awards and citations. The Criterion was cited in 1970 by the American Alumni Council as among the five "most excellent" alumni newspapers in the nation. It also received the Council's General Award for Distinguished Achievement for its faculty coverage. In 1971 it earned a "distinctive merit" award sponsored by the Chronicle of Higher Education. Five years later the same Tufts publication received an Exceptional Achievement Award from the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) and a Citation Award recognizing "excellence in all aspects of publishing," sponsored by the Chronicle of Higher Education. Its editors named the Criterion "newspaper of the year" in 1979 and in the same year it was awarded a citation for excellence in writing by the editors of Harper's Magazine. Harry B. Zane, a professional newspaperman and the Tufts Director of Public Information, was editor of the Criterion at the time. Yet another award from CASE was made in 1984 to the Tufts alumni publication, which by then had become a quarterly. The Criterion was ranked as one of the top ten alumni tabloids in the nation. At the time of the award it was edited by Theresa Pease, senior editor in the office of the Director of Communications. The director, Curtis L. Barnes, retired to private life in 1985. The short-lived Tufts Review received an award in the fall of 1969 for its outstanding graphics.

Coverage of day-to-day campus affairs was to be found not only in student publications but in a weekly calendar of events called At Tufts which was begun by the Office of Public Information in the

The student publication with the longest history was the Tufts Weekly which had first appeared in 1895 and continued into the 1980s as the (Tufts) Observer. The renamed newspaper began publication in the middle of the academic year 1969-70. The new name was justified on several grounds. It was to appear twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays) and hence the old designation would have been inappropriate. (The ambitious plan of publishing twice a week lasted for all of three weeks.) It also had a new editor-in-chief (Glenn Durfee) as well as "a new editorial philosophy." Except for the editor, all titled positions on the staff were abolished, and editorial board meetings were generally opened to the entire Tufts community.

The Observer was born in a period of student crisis and was published during the most turbulent years in the institution's history. The paper's leading writers, many of whom became editors in those years, included Philip Primack. Andrew Gowa, and Stephen Wermeil. The first major campus event to be covered was the conflict over ROTC, followed by the dormitory construction crisis and the "drug bust" of 1970. There seemed to be so much news to cover (and comment on) that a brief attempt was made to publish the paper on a daily basis - an experiment which lasted less than one semester.

The Observer ran into short-lived competition almost immediately after it began publication. A new biweekly paper known as the Pillar was published as a reaction to "the adamantly left-of-center Observer," but survived for only one semester (from February into May 1970). The Pillar ceased publication when a campus-wide student strike occurred. The erstwhile rival of the Observer in the 1980s was the Tufts Daily, a student-run newspaper which, like its weekly partner, was funded out of student activity fees. Editorship of the Observer usually changed each semester but that of the Daily usually rotated weekly. Some questioned the need for two such publications which obviously overlapped considerably in their coverage, but by the mid-1980s the Daily had more than doubled its initial press run of 2,000 copies.

Literary magazines have always been an important part of the Tufts student publishing scene. By far the oldest was the Tuftonian, originally a multi-purpose journal with more campus news than literary content. It had first been published in 1864. However, it did not take on the trappings of a bonafide literary magazine until 1895, when the Tufts Weekly became the purveyor of campus news (and gossip). The vast majority of contributions to the Tuftonian, both

The prospectus for a "little" magazine to be devoted to the literary arts and to have been called Radix was issued in the winter of 1964 but the magazine was apparently never published.

The tradition represented by the Tuftonian was continued, beginning in the winter of 1966, with the Literary Magazine of Tufts University which in 1972 assumed the shorter and less awkward title of the Tufts Literary Magazine. Articles in the Tuftonian had often been illustrated with woodcuts and etchings, and in the Literary Magazine were supplemented by photographs. Reflective of the times in which the first issue appeared were numerous starkly realistic pictures of Negro sharecroppers and poverty in America. After it almost went out of existence in 1974 the Tufts Literary Magazine was revitalized in the spring of 1975, with a new set of editors. Two other student ventures appeared in October 1982. Known as the Tufts Review, one carried on the tradition of literary publication and the other, the Tufts Magazine, immediately incorporated the Review. Modelled after the Atlantic, the Tufts Magazine was begun by two former co-editors of the Observer, and included feature articles on campus-related topics, photo essays, and occasional poems and short stories. Its existence was precarious.

Student magazines devoted to humor and/or satire were conspicuously missing after 1950 or had exceptionally brief histories. The closest approximation to a real humor magazine was the Jumble which, after an appearance during 1950-51, disappeared until resurrected a decade later. The deficit incurred by the earlier publication was quietly picked up by the university. The revived publication lasted for all of three issues in 1961-62, and was then suspended indefinitely for financial reasons. Another humor magazine, Eritas, survived for only two issues in 1966, and Recipes, produced by the staff of the Literary Magazine, lasted for four, in 1971-72. Among the "one-of-a-kind" (single issue) publications were Class, which appeared in 1972, and Squid Ink (1975). (Copies of all of these esoteric and exotic publications are available in the University Archives, including some with unprintable titles and/or contents.) There was also a host of special-interest student publications such as Omnibus, first appearing in the spring of 1978 and sporadically thereafter, and sponsored by majors in the English Department.

Hemispheres, an undergraduate journal sponsored by the Tufts Council on International Affairs which was organized in the fall of l976,