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Background: Animal models remain at that time a reference tool to predict potential pulmonary adverse effects of nanomaterials in humans. However, in a context of reduction of the number of animals used in experimentation, there is a need for reliable alternatives. In vitro models using lung cells represent relevant alternatives to assess potential nanomaterial acute toxicity by inhalation, ... read moreparticularly since advanced in vitro methods and models have been developed. Nevertheless, the ability of in vitro experiments to replace animal experimentation for predicting potential acute pulmonary toxicity in human still needs to be carefully assessed.
Keywords: Poorly soluble nanomaterials, Acute exposure, Pulmonary toxicity, Alternative toxicity testing, Air-liquid interface, In vivo - in vitro comparison.
Springer Open.read less
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