Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: A review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks.
Brugge, Doug.
Durant, John L.
Rioux, Christine.
2007
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Abstract: There is growing evidence of a distinct set of freshly-emitted
air pollutants downwind from major highways, motorways, and freeways that include
elevated levels of ultrafine particulates (UFP), black carbon (BC), oxides of
nitrogen (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO). People living or otherwise spending
substantial time within about ... read more200 m of highways are exposed to these pollutants more
so than persons living at a greater distance, even compared to living on busy urban
streets. Evidence of the health hazards of these pollutants arises from studies that
assess proximity to highways, actual exposure to the pollutants, or both. Taken as a
whole, the health studies show elevated risk for development of asthma and reduced
lung function in children who live near major highways. Studies of particulate matter
(PM) that show associations with cardiac and pulmonary mortality also appear to
indicate increasing risk as smaller geographic areas are studied, suggesting
localized sources that likely include major highways. Although less work has tested
the association between lung cancer and highways, the existing studies suggest an
association as well. While the evidence is substantial for a link between
near-highway exposures and adverse health outcomes, considerable work remains to
understand the exact nature and magnitude of the risks.
Keywords: ultra fine particles, black carbon, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, particulate matter less than 2.5 um, particulate matter less than 10 um, particle bound polyaromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon, volatile organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, American Cancer Society, socioeconomic status, Environmental Protection Agency, odds ratio, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume between 25 and 75, forced vital capacity, micrograms per cubic meter of air, meters, micrometers, vehicles per day, vehicles per hour.
Springer Open.read less - Brugge, Doug, John L. Durant, and Christine Rioux. "Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: A review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks." Environmental Health 6, no. 1 (12, 2007): 1-12.
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