Jamming in Curved and Deformable Geometries
Xie, Zhaoyu.
2021
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2021.
Submitted to the Dept. of Physics.
Advisor: Timothy Atherton.
Committee: Peter Love, Cristian Staii, Ken Olum, and Jennifer Schwarz.
Keyword: Condensed matter physics.
Designing the shape of interfaces is a key problem in surface and interface science and technology. Coating particles on surfaces is a potential ... read moreway of controlling the shape, and a valuable model system to explore this approach is the coalescence of Pickering emulsion (a mixture of immiscible fluids with solid particles adsorbed on the interface) droplets arrested by the solid particles. The resulting non-spherical shapes are stable and useful. Unlike two-dimensional unbounded flat surfaces where identical disks arrange themselves into a triangular lattice and where each particle has six neighbors at the vertices of a hexagon, the curvature naturally disrupts this hexagonal structure and induces defects, i.e. particles without six neighbors. Furthermore the deformation of curved surfaces can drive the packing system into a rigid state, referred to as the jammed state. Hence, jammed structures on deformable curved surfaces can be influenced by both geometry and kinetics of deformation distinct from those on fixed surfaces. Distinguishing the role of kinetics played in determining the structure from geometry and understanding its properties thus can help design desirable shapes or control the particle structures. Moreover, adding anisotropy to packings with identical spheres can also produce defects, which might also help construct desirable structures. In this thesis, we first extract the role of kinetics of surface deformation by simulating the coalescence of droplets coated with hard particles. Then we simulate soft particles on the ellipsoidal surface evolving into a sphere, studying the properties of its final rigid structure with respect to the additional surface degrees of freedom besides those of particles. Finally, we examine different ways of adding anisotropy to packings on various surfaces and discover a universal mechanism that controls the growth of defects.read less - ID:
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