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Background: The increasing problem of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative
bacteria causing severe infections and the shortage of new antibiotics to combat them
has led to the re-evaluation of polymyxins. These antibiotics were discovered from
different species of Bacillus polymyxa in 1947; only two of them, polymyxin B and E
(colistin), have ... read morebeen used in clinical practice. Their effectiveness in the treatment
of infections due to susceptible Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, has not been generally questioned. However,
their use was abandoned, except in patients with cystic fibrosis, because of concerns
related to toxicity.
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