Eating behavioral predictors of dietary intake and metabolic health in women with overweight and obesity.
Taetzsch, Amy.
2019
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Background: In the
United States, the majority of adults are overweight or obese, which predisposes them to
develop metabolic disorders. In addition, sustained weight loss remains a challenge for
most people with overweight or obesity. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify
behaviors that are readily modifiable for weight management. Emerging data suggest that
changes in eating ... read morebehavior, such as altering eating timing and food cravings, have the
potential to decrease energy intake and body weight. Studies examining the direct
association of these eating behaviors with both dietary intake and metabolic indices
warrant further investigation. Objective: The overall objective of this dissertation was
to examine the association of eating behavior with dietary intake, diet quality and
metabolic health in women with overweight or obesity. Aim 1: To determine the
association of eating timing with dietary intake, diet quality and metabolic health. Aim
2: To determine the association of food cravings with dietary intake, diet quality and
metabolic health. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of baseline data from women
with overweight or obesity who participated in a weight loss and maintenance trial.
Outcomes were obtained using anthropometric and blood measures, questionnaires, and
24-hour diet recall interviews. Eating timing was explored by examining 1) the daily
eating interval, defined as the time between first and last eating occasion; 2) time
restricted eating (TRE), which refers to the restriction of daily eating interval to
≤11 hours; 3) early energy eaters, defined as consumption of 60% of
energy during the first half of time awake; and 4) late night eaters, defined as eating
within 2 hours of bedtime. A measure of food cravings was determined from the total
score of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait. Regression analyses were used to
determine the associations of eating timing and food cravings with dietary intake, diet
quality and metabolic health. Results: The 229 women included in the analysis had a mean
age of 40.9 ± 0.7 years and body mass index (BMI) of 34.7 ± 6.4 kg/m2. Eating
timing: daily eating interval was positively associated with energy intake (P = 0.01),
glycemic load (P < 0.01), eating frequency (P < 0.01) and waist circumference (P =
0.02). TRE was associated with lower energy intake (P = 0.045), glycemic load (P = 0.03)
and eating frequency (P < 0.01). Being an early energy eater was associated with
higher carbohydrate intake (P = 0.02). Late night eating was associated with higher
energy intake (P < 0.01), glycemic load (P < 0.01) and eating frequency (P =
0.03). Food cravings: food cravings were positively associated with eating frequency (P
= 0.03), daily eating interval (P<0.05), body mass index (P = 0.03) and waist
circumference (P = 0.01). Higher food cravings was also associated with lower diet
quality (P<0.05) and lowered odds of having a TRE pattern (P = 0.02) compared to
non-TRE pattern. Conclusion: The results identify eating timing and food cravings as
potential mechanistic targets for improving dietary intake, diet quality and body
composition in weight management programs.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2019.
Submitted to the Dept. of Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition.
Advisor: Sai Das.
Committee: Alice Lichtenstein, and Cheryl Gilhooly.
Keyword: Nutrition.read less - ID:
- 8623j978t
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