Humanitarian Agenda 2015: Sudan Country Study
Mowjee, Tasneem
2006
- Paper dated July, 2006. As a result of the various conflicts, the political and economic situation in different parts of Sudan is very different. North Sudan is largely peaceful with a stable, well-established government rich from oil revenues, though unemployment is a major problem (people complain that it is very difficult to get jobs without the right government connections. As a result, young ... read moremen are going to the Middle East or Europe in search of work). The conflict began because Darfur felt neglected by the authorities in Khartoum and excluded from the peace talks between North and South Sudan, but it is exacerbated by tribal conflict which began in the 1980s. With the signing of the CPA, South Sudan is heading towards sustainable peace, and people displaced by the war are returning gradually. Under the terms of the CPA, there is a unified3 UN mission to monitor its implementation in the South (though the Mission HQ is in Khartoum). However, since South Sudan had no government institutions for over 20 years, the fledgling Government of South Sudan (GoSS) is struggling to establish itself. There is almost no infrastructure either. Juba, the capital, has few whole buildings and had lost electricity at the time of the study due to the breakdown of generators supplying the town. Interviewees highlighted housing, sanitation, and jobs as their most pressing problems. The conflict in Darfur has raged for three years, resulting in 300,000 deaths and the displacement of over two million people.4 Most of the displaced have been living in IDP camps, though some have tried to find shelter in large towns or with relatives. Understandably, interviewees in the camps complained of a lack of employment, food, shelter, education, water, etc. The shortage of food was one of the greatest problems and this has undoubtedly been exacerbated since the World Food Programme had to halve rations from May 2006 due to a lack of contributions from donors. However, in some of the IDP camps, interviewees were also concerned about the lack of money and opportunities for young adults to get married or continue with a university education (most education services in the camps are up to primary or secondary school level only). The conflict began because Darfur felt neglected by the authorities in Khartoum and excluded from the peace talks between North and South Sudan, but it is exacerbated by tribal conflict which began in the 1980s.read less
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